科学设置执法办案内部监督职能探析

强化内部监督制约与强化法律监督同等重要,应在健全办案流程化管理机制的基础上,设立专门的执法办案内部监督机构,注重各监督责任主体的职权配置,探索建立起组织完备、衔接配套、有效管用的内部监督体系。     

Intelligence reform in new democracies: factors supporting or arresting progress

This article examines an important (and most problematic) component of the democratic civil–military relations (CMR) concept (understood in terms of democratic control, effectiveness, and efficiency of the armed forces, police forces, and intelligence agencies). It focuses (1) on the democratization of intelligence, that is finding a proper balance between intelligence effectiveness and transparency, and (2) on what particular factors support or arrest progress in the democratization of intelligence. The article provides supporting examples from Brazil and Romania, two developing democracies that have been undergoing major reforms of their intelligence systems for almost 20 years, in terms of both transparency and effectiveness.     

我国制定法的缺陷和完善

制定法,是指不同的享有立法权或经授权的国家机关根据法定职权和程序制定的各种规范性文件的总和。制定法在我国的法律渊源中占有主导性的地位。因此,制定法的完善就显得特别重要。制定法自身形式有其特殊性,再联系到我国的具体国情,可分析出制定法有不合目的性、不周延性、滞后性、模糊性、缺乏科学性的缺陷。这些缺陷能通过完善立法技术、改革立法制度及以判例法渊源相辅助的途径来完善。     

现代西方国家监督政府体制所蕴含的理念及其启示

现代西方国家的监督政府体制所蕴涵的理念包括权力制衡、天赋人权、人民主权、法治等重要思想,它们对完善我国监督政府体制具有重要参考和借鉴意义.监督政府体制的健全和完善需要将现代民主和法治思想的启蒙运动与监督体制的落实和制度化有机结合起来.     

我国黑社会犯罪刑事立法的反思与完善

当前,我国已初步形成了以刑法典第294条和其他关联条款为主体,以刑法修正案和相关法律解释等法律文件为补充的黑社会犯罪刑法惩治体系,人们对黑社会犯罪的认识正在不断深化,犯罪形势、刑事立法和刑事司法相互影响也日渐增强.然而,由于规范与事实间存在的固有间隙,我国黑社会犯罪立法在观念上还存在较多问题与缺陷.若有效地与黑社会犯罪作斗争,必须从我国实际情况出发,根据黑社会犯罪的演变过程与实际的发展形态来完善惩治黑社会犯罪的刑法体系.     

Disentangling legislative duration in coalitional presidential systems

ABSTRACT

The speed and actions that bills face in legislatures vary immensely, but we do not have a comprehensive framework to analyse legislative durations. Moreover, the absence of data detailing legislative activities and durations in distinct stages of legislative processes hinders analysis. This article presents a framework for analysing legislative delay in coalitional presidential systems and examines unique data on durations, attributes, and parliamentary activities in legislative processes at the level of individual proposals. The empirical analysis investigates executive proposals considered by the Brazilian Congress and seeks to disentangle when duration means legislative activism, when it is due to political conflict, and when it only represents inertia. Our analysis indicates substantial activities in both content-influencing legislative activism and politically motivated obstructionism. Hence, political conflict is as important a source as policy disagreement in accounting for legislative delay. By examining a hitherto untapped area with rich data, this study opens up new venues for rigorous analyses of legislative durations and gridlock.     

论我国立法权限划分

立法权限划分直接关系到国家法制体系的统一、中央与地方、地方与地方之间关系的处理以及法治建设的成败。目前我国立法冲突、立法矛盾的不断升级暴露出我国立法权限划分存在的缺陷,因此,我们必须在坚持立法权限划分基本原则的基础上,不断探寻符合我国国情的划分方式,并且在实际中不断加以完善立法权限划分。     

我国立法听证制度的现状及完善

立法听证制度作为听证的一种形式,已经在我国立法实践中起到了良好的作用。但由于缺乏制度规范,立法听证制度在发展中出现了混乱无序的现象,影响了实际功能的发挥。完善立法听证制度可以有效地促进我国的政治体制改革和民主法制建设。     

论偷税罪量化立法模式的严重缺陷及其完善

我国刑法第 2 0 1条对偷税罪的规定采用了“比例十数额型”的量化立法模式。这种立法模式存在严重缺陷。要填补这一立法空白 ,改善偷税罪量化立法模式的严重缺陷 ,唯一的办法就是完全抛弃这种“比例十数额型”的量化立法模式 ,并统一纳税人与扣缴义务人的定罪量刑标准。只有这样 ,才足以避免这一量化立法模式存在的严重缺陷。     

我国刑事非法证据排除规则的立法设想

建立与完善我国的非法证据排除规则,立法时应详细规定各种情况下取得的非法证据的效力,通过立法确定切实可行的非法证据排除程序;设立对非法取证人员的惩戒制度,有效减少防止非法取证行为的发生。