全球治理与国际立法模式的转变

本文以对全球治理基本特点的分析为基础,指出全球治理对国际法律规则的创制的数量和质量提出了更高的要求,而国际法律规由于立法模式的限制,以及调整对象的局限,严重滞后于全球治理的需要,进而提出必须改进国际法律规则的立法模式。最后,通过对目前关于国际法律规则创制变革主要理论的分析,提出全球治理中的国际法律规则创制必须以以民族国家和政府为中心,非国家行为适当参与,主次分明的多元式立法为立法模式。     

论"情节"的刑法立法地位

我国《刑法》广泛使用“情节”一词,并赋予它以重要地位。正确理解“情节”在区分罪与非罪,确定法定刑和宽严处罚中的立法地位和作用,对我国的刑法理论建设和刑事司法实践活动有着极其重要的意义。     

Institutional change in the European Parliament: balancing legislative ethics and parliamentary independence

Research on legislative ethics has shown how scandals often trigger ethics reform; yet, the content of the reform often differs from that of the scandal. Why is this the case? And if scandals don't explain legislative ethics reform outcomes, then what does? If not this kind of external shock, then what factor(s) shape legislative reform outcomes? These questions provide the point of departure for a case study of the European Parliament's 2011 ethics reform. Drawing from the legislative ethics literature and from recent theories of institutional change, the article examines the impact of the scandal that initiated the reform, the interests and strategies of reform agents who wanted a quick reform process that would not undermine the EP's independence; and the institutional order in which those actors were embedded. It argues that an institutional logics perspective offers a convincing and comprehensive account of EP ethics reform, and suggests a new analytical framework that might be used by researchers in future research on legislative ethics.     

A Race for the Regs: Unified Government,Statutory Deadlines,and Federal Agency Rulemaking

Theory suggests that Congress should delegate more policymaking authority to the bureaucracy under unified government, where lawmakers are less worried about the president orchestrating “bureaucratic drift.” Yet, all unified governments come to an end, making broad delegations potentially advantageous to future lawmaking coalitions (“coalitional drift”). We seek to assess how lawmakers simultaneously limit the risk of each of these pitfalls of delegation. Our answer is rooted in Congress’s ability to spur agency rulemaking activity under unified government. Specifically, we expect statutes passed under unified government to require agencies to issue regulations quickly and for enacting coalitions to use oversight tools to influence agency policy choices. Such “proximate oversight” allows coalitions to cement policy decisions before a new election changes the configuration of preferences within Congress and the executive branch. We assess our argument using unique data on both congressional rulemaking deadlines (1995–2014) and the speed with which agencies issue regulations (1997–2014).     

论我国食品犯罪罚金刑的完善

在分析我国食品犯罪罚金刑的立法设置与司法适用现状的基础上,指出食品犯罪罚金刑立法设置与司法适用中存在的诸多缺陷,进而提出完善我国食品犯罪罚金刑的方案,旨在罚金刑能在预防食品犯罪中发挥最大的、最佳的效果。     

试论国家赔偿法中立法赔偿制度之构建

我国宪法第41条规定:由于国家机关和国家工作人员侵犯公民权利而受到损失的人,有依照法律取得赔偿的权利。但目前的《国家赔偿法》只规定了对于行政和司法机关侵权行为的赔偿,而将立法机关的立法行为排除在外。从理论上讲,立法机关同样存在着侵犯公民权益的可能性;从国外的制度比较来看,法国德国都存在着立法赔偿责任制度。因此有必要检讨我国《国家赔偿法》排除这一赔偿的原因,论证我国纳入立法赔偿的可行性。     

“被迫的赔礼道歉”应被废除

目前,《侵权责任法》规定的＂赔礼道歉＂,可分为＂自愿的赔礼道歉＂和＂被迫的赔礼道歉＂。后者虽然目前为部分学者所肯定,但从立法论的角度来看应被废除。其理由是：（1）立法机关其实只希望拥有＂自愿的赔礼道歉＂。（2）美国、英国、加拿大哥伦比亚省、法国、德国、奥地利、日本、我国台湾地区原则上禁止强迫赔礼道歉。（3）＂被迫的赔礼道歉＂既不能减少或消除原告的愤怒,又无助于被告改过迁善,且原告可以获得慰抚金。     

集中与分权的历史逻辑——“共同纲领”时期我国宪制的建构、运行与更张

1949年《共同纲领》与《政府组织法》共同确立了堪称"四九宪制"的国家权力配置基本格局。与以苏联为代表的社会主义宪法传统不同,四九宪制虽然同奉议行合一原理为圭臬,却有自己的独特创造,表现为通过中央人民政府主席这一职位实现议、行两端的权力集中。然而决策权与执行权在规范层面的分工模糊与权能交叠,使四九宪制在实际运行中无法确保中央人民政府主席对国家事务直接和经常的领导。随着机构改革与权力重组的受挫,这一时期宪制的制度弹性逐渐耗尽,新政权的缔造者们最终通过在1954年《宪法》中对最高国务会议制度的设计实现了对议行合一体制的重设。     

论我国金融犯罪的刑事立法政策——以刑法修正案为视角

我国金融犯罪刑事立法政策基本合理,主要表现为：犯罪圈扩大;合理的非犯罪化或从轻化;保持经济、行政法规的衔接与协调;入罪标准科学化。但也存在一定局限,主要表现为：刑罚处罚趋向加重;缺乏超前和预见性;部分罪名修改缺乏一体性考虑。建议在未来金融刑法立法上。谨慎保持扩大犯罪圈的趋势;改变立法的重刑结构;注重立法的科学性原则。     

检察权内部监督的调整与发展——以检察官办案责任制改革为背景

通过对检察权内部监督历史变迁的把握,可梳理出其发展演变实现了五个转向。从转向的过程来看,国家和社会是通过直接影响检察权的行使,来间接影响检察权内部监督的发展演变的。在检察官办案责任制改革背景下,如何在检察权内部监督的界限内,既保障检察权的独立行使,又能最大限度地监督检察权,便是检察权内部监督调整的现实需求。检察权内部监督的调整应遵循过程监督的谦抑性原则和结果监督的主动性原则。在其指引下,应对既有监督方式完善拓展和综合运用。