学术与政治之间：台湾儒学的现代发展反思

儒学在台湾,长期以来一直走着一条十分独特的发展之路,尤其是自上世纪50年代以来,儒学无论是作为一种官方哲学思想而为当局统治的政治合法性提供传统文化的基础,还是作为为了实现现代发展而走融会中西思想之道路的新儒家思想,都越来越深入地融进台湾的现实社会发展进程。在这样一种进程中,儒学思想一方面对台湾现实社会经济发展发生着深刻的实实在在的影响作用,另一方面儒学自身的思想体系与基本范畴也发生了十分明显的变化。因此,对台湾的儒学研究只能将之放在客观真实的台湾政治社会及思想文化发展的具体环境进行思考与分析。同时,也由于台湾的特殊历史条件和地理环境而提供了一个儒学区域发展的典型案例。     

渗入汉代郡县法秩序的儒术:以官方行为为中心的考察

董仲舒"天人三策"之后,西汉朝廷确立了"独尊儒术"的统治策略。此后,汉朝又不断地推进儒家的德礼之教向郡县法秩序的渗透,皇帝诏令及地方官的政务均为此种努力的表现。在"以法为教,以吏为师"的法律独尊时代,郡县是皇帝对民众之垂直统治的基点,法律则成为民众的唯一行为规范。然而,在重视儒术的汉代,郡县既是皇权统治的施展空间,也是朝廷将儒家的德礼之教付诸实践的空间。正因为此,儒学对郡县法秩序的影响不断扩大,此种影响的扩大则又是中国古代儒教国家得以形成的重要一环。     

晚清时期儒学在新加坡的传播与变革

在新加坡,儒学或曰孔学、孔教,一直被认为是中国传统文化思想的正宗,在一切思想流派中具有无可争辩的统治地位。随着19世纪初期新加坡开埠,华侨来此定居者日益增加,儒学也逐渐在当地华人社会传播开来。自19世纪80年代,晚清设置驻新加坡领事以来,新加坡儒学发展出现兴盛局面。清政府领事官员以及当地华人绅商通过办文社、建孔庙学堂和推广普及双语等方式,实现儒学与西学的对接,将新加坡儒学的发展推向一个新的阶段。     

准五服以制罪是对儒家礼教精神的背离

准五服以制罪虽然将儒家礼教的条文纳入法律之中,但与儒家礼教精神却是相背离的。儒家礼教的精神、合乎社会实际的家族伦理以及法律应有的公平正义在准五服以制罪的实践中被严重扭曲。准五服以制罪的表层原因是为了维护与君权相通的父权,深层原因则是迫使家族承担自我约束与管理的责任,从而有利于中央集权君主专制的社会秩序。     

Doing time: A qualitative study of long-term incarceration and the impact of mental illness

Once convicted, the perpetrator of serious crime embarks upon a new journey: the challenge of adjusting to long-term imprisonment. Prisoners' views of incarceration and the meaning of this experience may affect their later adjustment to life in the community. On the basis of brief narrative responses collected during an epidemiological survey of the psychological health of prisoners in France, this study examined the impact of incarceration on psychological state in a group of 59 inmates serving long sentences. Qualitative content analysis and computer-assisted linguistic analysis (using ALCESTE software) were performed on the textual data of open responses to three standard questions. Using a combination of these two approaches, seven categories of the subjective experience of prisoners in the sample were identified: the Outside World, Others, Punishment, Time, Affects and Impulses, Self-Concept, and Speech. Further qualitative analyses were then performed to compare the responses of Severely Mentally Ill (SMI) subjects and subjects with no psychiatric disorder. These analyses revealed contrasting attitudes towards incarceration. SMI subjects spoke in more hostile and persecutory terms about their experience in prison, attributing suffering to external circumstances, while subjects with no psychiatric disorder evoked similar themes, but with an introspective attitude. The themes evoked by mentally ill individuals in our sample suggest that their reactions to the prison environment arise in part from aspects of their psychiatric symptoms, and this may have relevance to future mental health policy and practices in criminal corrections.     

医疗事故损害赔偿中的残疾生活补助费问题研究——从与一般人身损害赔偿比较的角度

与我们通常的认识不同,因医疗事故致残的,患者获赔的残疾生活补助费与一般人身损害赔偿的残疾赔偿金在金额上互有高低。就残疾生活补助费项目而言,现行的医疗事故损害赔偿规定既与现行人身损害赔偿制度不相吻合,又背离了立法目的,亦无法实现对患者的妥善保护,必须加以修订。     

中国国家哲学创新研究

国家哲学在历史上和现实中的存在是一个客观的社会现象,它是一个按辩证的必然规律运行的整体。只有认识和把握中国国家哲学发展的一般规律,才能求解儒学被马克思主义哲学所代替的重大意义,才能求解“毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、‘三个代表’重要思想”的“一脉相承”。     

物质主义、社会联系与生命意义的权衡——大学生价值观标准的社会性别差异

本文以"新时期中国妇女社会地位调查研究"之"女大学生群体调查"的数据为样本,采用了结构方程的方法,探究了男女大学生在成功评价标准上的社会性别差异。研究发现:当评价对象为男性时,男性应答者更多地强调生活富足、身居要职等"物质主义"因子;而当评价对象为女性时,女性更多地强调"社会联系"和"生命意义"因子;研究继而通过引入"社会支持"因子和"社会性别观"因子作为控制变量来说明:这一性别差异并非"本质主义"的,而是在社会处境与性别观念的影响下出现的。     

慎刑与严刑:中国传统刑罚的双重性格及其原因

中国传统刑罚制度存在着相互矛盾的双重性格 ,即慎刑与严刑的对立并存 ,而制度层面的矛盾无疑来源于思想理论层面的矛盾。应该说 ,儒家思想和法家学说分别是这两种法制现象的理论源泉 ,但在儒家思想占据统治地位以来 ,特别是儒家法律思想成为中国封建社会法制指导思想之后 ,恰恰是儒家的教化观和伦理价值的绝对化使儒家对法家的严刑主张的吸收成为必要 ,从而使这两种看似互相矛盾的制度和现象能够长期共存于中国古代法制中而并行不悖 ,最终形成了中国传统刑罚的双重性格。     

On Becoming a Community Psychologist

Abstract

Recounts the author's professional life history in the context of his personal life story. Reflects on the ways in which history and autobiography combine to create life pathways that are experienced as individually chosen, yet historically determined. Recounts the author's family life, neighborhood experiences, early education in the Philadelphia public schools, and the impact of post-World War II government programs including the GI Bill and the establishment of United States Public Health Service fellowships. Considers the influence of African American writers and the civil rights movement, as well as women returning to school, the culture of medical schools and the influence of mentors in the formation of a professional identity. Recounts the discovery of the community mental health movement and the search for a social justice agenda that led to Community Psychology. Ultimately, the author views himself as an “insider/outsider,” whose personal and professional identity crosses traditional boundaries and welcomes paradoxical, narrative and qualitative approaches to research and practice.