论非政府组织在国际争议解决机制中的作用

现代非政府组织在国际诉讼程序以及WTO争端解决机制中均扮演着极其重要的作用,尤其是以“法庭之友”身份出现,虽然尚未能够成为一个国际法主体,但在某种程度上作为一个独立的法律人格者而出现。我国应借鉴国际争议解决机制中的相关做法对我国法院的审判活动进行规范和完善。     

我国劳动争议仲裁制度的不足及完善

劳动争议仲裁是解决劳动争议的一条重要途径。随着经济的发展和劳动争议数量的增加,我国现行劳动争议仲裁制度存在着立法规格不高、内容不完善、组织机构不健全等不足。完善现行劳动争议仲裁制度,应该实行裁审脱钩的双轨制,加强劳动争议仲裁机构建设,确定劳动争议案的执行措施和配套措施,真正体现劳动争议仲裁制度公正、经济的价值取向。     

中德社会保障争议处理制度比较研究

中德两国在历史发展过程中逐步形成了各自独特的社会争议处理制度和模式。德国社会法院作为专门审理社会保障争议的特殊行政法院，体现了法律保护的缜密性和司法的高度专业性，适应了社会保障争议多，内容纷繁复杂，技术性、专业性强的现实需要。中国社会保障争议处理法律制度则处于形成发展阶段，因争议种类、主体不同而设置了不同的解决争议的机构，采用了不同的法律制度、程序和处理原则。本文以两国现行社会争议处理法律规定作为比较标准，按照社会争议处理的程序，分别从社会争议的范围界定、行政处理程序和制度、法院处理程序和制度三方面进行了比较研究，为中国社会保障争议处理制度提供借鉴和启示。     

Creating Stable Agreements in Marine Policy: Learning from the California South Coast Marine Life Protection Act Initiative

In this article, we examine the California South Coast Marine Life Protection Act Initiative stakeholder process, evaluate its shortcomings, and consider what could have been done differently. Our objective is to make recommendations to improve future multi‐stakeholder marine policy processes. In our view, while the South Coast stakeholder process had many positive outcomes, it failed to reach what we call here a “stable agreement.” Our analysis is based on two of the authors’ involvement (one as a facilitator and the other as a stakeholder representative) in the process and a post‐hoc survey of participants. We find that several ill‐advised process design and management choices significantly destabilized the negotiations, leading to an ultimately unstable agreement. We highlight four major problematic process design and management decisions, including the following: representation on the multi‐stakeholder group was imbalanced, the pre‐meeting caucuses were not paired with training in interest‐based negotiation, adequate incentives to negotiate toward a consensus agreement were not provided, and the use of straw voting at one point in the process was unclear and inconsistent. As a result of these and other process design and management flaws, many stakeholders believed that the process was biased and that their ends would be better achieved by anchoring negotiations and engaging in positional bargaining. Ultimately, this meant that near‐consensus on a single cross‐interest marine protected area proposal was not reached, the scientific guidelines put forth were not fully met, the process was not and is not viewed as fair by the stakeholders directly or indirectly involved, and the marine protected area regulations lack broad‐scale support. These pitfalls of the South Coast stakeholder process could have been avoided had the management and facilitation team consistently followed best practices in dispute resolution. We recommend that future marine planning processes learn from this example, particularly those occurring in highly complex, urban ocean environments.     

多元化纠纷解决机制构建的法理基础

多元化纠纷解决机制是由诉讼的与非诉讼的、官方的与民间的等多种纠纷解决方式内在关联所组成的有机系统。社会存在本身的有机性和社会现象的复杂性,是多元化纠纷解决机制的本体论基础;我国现实社会矛盾的多元化性质,是多元化纠纷解决机制的现实基础;具体问题具体分析的方法是多元化纠纷解决机制的方法论基础;而我国历史上解决社会矛盾纠纷的多样化方法则是多元化纠纷解决机制的历史基础。     

中外协议管辖制度之比较

与美、法、德等国的协议管辖制度相比,我国协议管辖制度在协议管辖范围、明示协议管辖和默示协议管辖等方面尚存在一些具体问题。应当借鉴国外相关制度中的合理成分,完善我国的协议管辖制度,协调法院职权与当事人处分权之间的矛盾,适应司法实践的需要。     

Problem-based learning and international commercial dispute resolution in the Indian Ocean

One of the primary challenges for a law lecturer is to take students beyond their own assumptions about the parameters of a subject and provide them with new opportunities for exploration and a broader vision to enhance learning. A significant feature of law as a discipline of study in higher education that has the potential to impact on the curriculum and the way in which it is taught is the academic/vocational divide. Problem-based learning (PBL) activities make classroom settings unpredictable and surprising, and learning to deal with such uncertainty prepares students for one of the most crucial aspects of professional life: the ability to make judgements in a context of uncertainty. This article analyses the integration of PBL within an LLM module on International Commercial Dispute Resolution. The logic of using PBL in this module is to ensure that the more abstract and less engaging aspects of the course are learned in relation to a close involvement with problems that are highly relevant to students’ more concrete ideas of what the course is about and what competence would mean within it. The experience of the students with the PBL activities, captured in reflective narratives and anonymous questionnaires, is also discussed.     

The approach in Scotland to child contact disputes involving allegations of domestic abuse

ABSTRACT

This article considers the approach taken in Scotland to the processing of child contact cases in which there are allegations of domestic abuse. Four key features of the processing of cases which may facilitate outcomes that prioritise safety are considered. These are: the availability of legal aid; the cautious process of successive child welfare hearings; the use of child welfare reports; and the taking of the child’s views. All these features occur within a policy context that recognises domestic abuse as gender-based violence and where courts have a statutory duty to protect a child from abuse. Drawing on the author’s court based analysis of papers from 208 child contact disputes and from interviews with sheriffs, this article discusses the strengths and limitations of all four process features in terms of protecting women and children, and the risks to these features posed by perpetually reducing government budgets.     

第四种调解范式:电视与纠纷解决——基于“约请当事人”节目模式的分析与评价

传统上一般将调解分为司法调解、行政调解、人民调解。当今,大众传播作为立法、司法及行政权力外的第四种力量,越来越多的电视媒介以"约请当事人"节目模式介入纠纷解决,形成了新兴的第四种调解范式。这种范式虽然对于社会规范的确认,发泄疏导当事人的心理压力和冲突情绪具有一定的积极意义,但无法逃避源自新闻调解范式内生的负效应而招致的法律和伦理的诘难。     

CHILD PROTECTION MEDIATION: A 25-YEAR PERSPECTIVE

This article reviews the creation, development, and growth of child protection mediation (CPM) in the United States. Starting with a few pilot projects in the 1970s, CPM has grown throughout the country. The article traces child protection's development through the publication of the Resource Guidelines and Model Courts and then discusses what the necessary ingredients for a mediation program are. Mediation is then discussed from a judicial perspective. Barriers to mediation are listed, followed by a discussion of special issues that arise when developing and maintaining CPM programs. The article concludes with the observation that CPM is now recognized as a best practice by most judges and court improvement professionals and that it continues to grow.