心肌缺血内皮素RT-PCR初步研究及其意义

目的为探讨心肌缺血后内皮素基因在心肌组织内表达的变化。方法用RT-PCR法研究了心肌缺血60min后心肌内皮素的表达情况。结果发现RT-PCR结果显示缺血组和正常组均检出ET-1mRNA,但是二者之间有显著性差异,说明缺血可以诱导ET-1mRNA增高。结论本实验为ET-1免疫组织化学法研究奠定了分子基础。     

地方政府研究：从职能界定到行为过程分析

同中国行政体制改革的实践逻辑相一致,20世纪90年代以来,行政学界的地方政府研究的主题经历了从“机构改革”到“职能转变”的演变。但目前学术界的地方政府职能研究,更多的是一种规范性的职能界定和功能分析,地方政府职能转变的外部制度约束条件、内在动力机制及其变迁,以及地方政府在职能履行和角色转变过程中的行为选择逻辑等问题还没有得到深入的研究。为此,地方政府职能转变的研究需要从规范性的职能界定转向政府行为过程的实证研究,实现地方政府研究方式从宏观到中观、从孤立到整合、从现象到逻辑、从静态到动态的转型。     

欠发达地区地方政府职能定位浅探

在市场经济条件下实现欠发达地区发展,既要发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用,又要发挥地方政府的推动和引导作用。要有效发挥地方政府的重要作用,就必须对其职能进行合理界定。     

实验性脑挫伤后caspase—1表达的研究

目的阐明不同程度及不同时间脑挫伤后caspase-1表达的变化。方法应用免疫组织化学染色、Western-blotting和RT-PCR方法对48例实验性脑挫伤大鼠的脑组织进行了检验,同时以3例非脑挫伤和3例假手术的脑组织做对照。结果脑挫伤后1h caspase-1即有表达,24-48h达高峰,挫伤后两周caspase-1阳性细胞仍维持较高水平。阳性细胞多集中于挫伤区及周围带皮质和脑实质内海马区,不同程度脑挫伤各组之间阳性细胞面积存在差异;损伤组caspase-1酶原裂解增加;损伤组caspase-1mRNA表达量明显高于对照组;不同程度脑挫伤组之间于各个时间段caspase-1mRNA表达未见差异。 结论 Caspase-1表达增加,可辅助诊断1h-14d的脑挫伤,并可根据caspase-1阳性细胞面积的变化来确定脑挫伤程度,同时对判断挫伤时间方面也有一定的价值。caspase-1参与脑挫伤后的神经细胞凋亡。     

脑络通对气虚血瘀证脑缺血大鼠作用机理研究

目的：探讨脑络通对气虚血瘀证脑缺血大鼠作用机理,为脑络通的临床应用提供实验依据。方法：采用多因素病证结合气虚血瘀脑缺血大鼠模型,观察了局部脑组织血流量（ｒＣＢＦ）,脑水肿,血流流变性,血浆血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）及前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的变化,结果：脑络通能显著增加模型鼠ｒＣＢＦ,减轻脑水肿程度（Ｐ〈０．０１）,能显著改善模型鼠血流变性,能显著降低模型鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２水平,升高ＰＧＩ２水平（Ｐ〈０．０５     

脑死亡脑外器官病理变化的实验性研究

选用34只家猫研究脑死亡后脑外器官（心、肺、肝、肾）的病理学变化。经任内持续加压造成脑死亡模型,根据人工维持心跳和呼吸的时间分3组。结果脑死亡后出现：（1）缺血性心肌病变,心内膜下出血,心肌局灶性坏死及线粒体、微丝破坏;（2）肺淤血,水肿,间质炎症;（3）肝小叶中央带、中间带缺血性病变;（4）肾近曲小管缺血性病变。     

当代发达国家地方治理的兴起

不可逆转的经济全球化给地方治理的要求以深刻地影响。一方面 ,经济全球化不仅仅压迫、促使民族国家选择并大力推动地方治理的模式 ,建构更富有弹性和回应能力的地方组织体系 ,另一方面 ,经济全球化留给地方一系列的公共问题 ,也决定着地方治理实现的目标和治理方式。     

Managing revenue collection outsourcing in Tanzania’s local government authorities: a case study of Iringa Municipal Council

Due to their critical role in development and governance, local governments need adequate financial resources to deliver the many developmental functions. However, such financial resources are either not available or inadequate. One way of rising to this challenge has been scaling up revenue collection from local revenue sources. This is done through either in-house collection or outsourcing revenue collection. Extant research has focused on the benefits and challenges of outsourcing. This paper expands this body of knowledge by studying how local governments manage private collectors to maximise benefits of outsourcing. From interviews conducted with Iringa Municipality officials and staff, the paper shows that revenue collection outsourcing can be an effective tax administration strategy if properly managed.     

Sales Tax Competition among State–Local Governments: Evidence from the US Counties

This article estimates tax reaction function of local governments competing with other governments to provide the insight for tax policy decision makers. Employing a panel of county-level data in all the states from 1970 to 2006, this article analyzes sales tax competition between county governments. In addition to a static model, this article pays more attention to dynamics in tax reaction function estimated by general methods of moments containing lagged dependent variables in the reaction function. Focusing on county governments, this article finds evidence for strategic interaction, an interaction that has positive effects on the setting of tax rates in a county.     

Local candidates and voter mobilization: Evidence from historical two-round elections in Norway

What effect do candidates with local ties have on voter turnout and party support? A considerable challenge within the existing literature on the personal vote, including that part which derives from local ties, is disentangling it from the party vote using observational data. We exploit the unique institutional context of Norway’s historical two-round system, and data measured at the municipality level, to evaluate the mobilizational impact of voter attachment to parties versus (local) candidates. Under this system, entry into the second round was unrestricted, with the number and identity of candidates determined by elite coordination decisions. In municipalities where coordination at the district level between rounds resulted in the withdrawal of a candidate with local ties, we document a strong negative effect on both turnout and party support, which highlights the value of the personal vote for mobilization, and the potential trade-offs that confront parties and coalitions in nomination decisions.