A family with unusual Kell genotypes

A family in which kKp^a, kKp^b, KKp^b and K^o are segregating confirms the depressing effect of Kp^a on the products of other Kell genes in cis. The significance of such unusual Kell genotypes in forensic testing is discussed.     

Inducing corporate compliance: A compound corporate liability regime

Corporate liability regimes have two major social goals: (i) inducing corporations to internalize all social ramifications of their activity; and (ii) inducing corporations to prevent, deter, and report their employee misconduct. The scholarly polemic has shown that none of the liability regimes recognized thus far in the literature efficiently satisfies both social goals. Following a Law and Economics approach, this paper develops an innovative regime that may comprise an optimal corporate liability framework in most settings. The Compound Corporate Liability Regime developed in this paper is a two-layer strict liability regime. Under this regime, corporations that self-report their employee misconduct incur a sanction that is reduced by the variable enforcement costs saved due to their self-reporting. Such a liability framework aligns social and corporations’ interests, and thereby satisfies both social goals of corporate liability regimes.     

抑制消减杂交技术筛选大鼠急性心肌缺血后差异基因

目的采用抑制消减杂交技术,筛选早期心肌缺血关的RNA分子,为相火研究和应用提供依据。方法10只SD雄性大鼠结扎冠状动脉前降支1h,制作心肌缺血模型。以缺m心肌的RNA分了为实验组,以非缺血区Ⅸ的RNA分子为对照组,朋Chmtech公司抑制消减杂交试剂盒进行杂交。经蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆测序斤经过斑点杂交确认,构建早期大鼠心肌缺血后抑制消减杂交文库,所得序列和Genbank数据库比对。结果筛选到10个阳性克隆和11个未知基因的表达序列标签（expressedsequencetag,EST）,按照功能分类,包括代谢相关的酶类基侧,核糖体和翻译相关的基斟,心肌重塑相芙的基旧等,其叶1组织蛋白酶LI,basi面n等基因等是首次报道与早期心肌缺血相芙。结论采用抑制消减杂交技术获得的差别表达基因可为早期心肌缺血提供新的目标分子。     

信用证欺诈法律救济的理论发展过程及其评述

信用证欺诈的频频发生,引起了人们关于对信用证欺诈的法律救济措施和法律救济理论的关注。本文重点论述了信用证欺诈法律救济理论及其发展的三个阶段,即:“禁止法院干预学说”阶段、“限制法院干预说”阶段和“法院依法救济说”阶段。本文还结合具体的案例对三个阶段的理论进行了具体和深入的分析。     

Regional Development of Small Firms in Poland

Employing a probit, logit and gompit model this paper demonstrates that small firm development, represented by a group of structural, behavioral and performance variables determine regional location in Poland. The paper uses original data that samples the small firm stratum in two contrasting regions, Pomorskie and Lubelskie. The following variables were shown to be significantly correlated with regional location: legal structure, subcontracting, technological level of the products of the firm, average wage and intention to expand turnover.     

羊口疮病毒B2L截短重组蛋白刺激小鼠产生特异性抗体的研究

为研究羊口疮病毒(ORFV)新型亚单位疫苗,设计了ORFV B2L优势抗原表位截短重组蛋白,命名为HBBH并经原核表达和鉴定。以不同剂量HBBH不加或加不同佐剂,经滴鼻或颈部皮下注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,其中滴鼻共4组(HBBH 10μg、20μg、30μg和20μg+LTB),注射组(HBBH 20μg+201佐剂)。同时设ORFV组织灭活抗原+201佐剂注射免疫对照和空白对照,每组共免疫3次,每次间隔7 d。HBBH间接ELISA检测一免、二免、三免后7 d以及三免后14 d血清中ORFV IgG、IgA和三免后14 d肺灌洗液sIgA的抗体水平,取不同水平的IgG ELISA阳性血清检测细胞中和抗体效价。结果显示,表达并鉴定了具有良好反应原性的包含ORFV B2L蛋白优势抗原表位的截短重组蛋白HBBH。免疫小鼠试验结果表明,不同剂量HBBH通过滴鼻或颈部皮下注射均可刺激小鼠产生ORFV特异性IgG抗体,20μg HBBH+201佐剂注射免疫能最大刺激小鼠血清IgG抗体的产生。实验小鼠三免后14 d肺灌洗液特异性sIgA仅在HBBH滴鼻免疫剂量≥20μg的三个组中检测到,其中30μg HBBH组刺激小鼠产生了最高水平的sIgA。在同为20μg HBBH滴鼻免疫时,添加LTB佐剂刺激小鼠产生了更高水平的sIgA。表明一定剂量的HBBH+LTB佐剂滴鼻免疫可更好地刺激小鼠产生sIgA。HBBH间接ELISAIgG阳性血清的细胞中和抗体效价可高达1:128,且能中和4株ORFV分离株。结果表明,20μgHBBH+201佐剂注射免疫3次和20μg HBBH+LTB佐剂滴鼻免疫3次均能刺激BALB/c小鼠产生高水平的抗ORFV血清中和抗体IgG和黏膜抗体sIgA。本研究为ORFV B2L优势抗原表位截短重组蛋白作为亚单位疫苗提供了数据支持。     

Estimation of Chronological Age from Postmortem Tissues Based on Amino Acid Racemization

Skin and cartilage tissue specimens from 32 male and 13 female corpses aged between 17 and 50 years were collected within 24 h after the death. Each specimen was analyzed for the composition of dextro (D) and levo (L) forms of aspartate, glutamate, and alanine. Linear regression models were constructed using ln [(1 + D/L)/(1 ? D/L] equation to define the relationship between the extent of racemization and the chronological age. Aspartate D/L rates from cartilage showed high correlation (r = 0.779, p < 0.001, n = 45). Aspartate D/L rates from skin showed very low correlation (r = 0.356, p < 0.002, n = 44). The multilinear regression model of both aspartate D/L rates of cartilage and skin tissues in 44 cases yielded a coefficient of r = 0.828 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, only racemization rate of Aspartate both in the skin and the cartilage tissues correlated with the chronological age. Our results may imply that the age can be estimated more precisely if two different tissue specimens are obtained from one corpse.     

羊口疮病毒F1L基因的克隆及其B细胞表位预测

为了研究羊口疮病毒(ORFV)F1L基因,以该病毒基因组DNA为模板,应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增得到1011bp的F1L基因,将其插入pMD18-TEasy克隆载体,构建了F1L基因克隆重组质粒;再将该基因片段插入pGEX-6P-1表达载体,通过PCR、限制性内切酶双酶切和测序鉴定,得到F1L基因插入方向和读码框结构均正确的阳性质粒,表明,成功构建了羊口疮病毒F1L基因的重组表达载体。通过对F1L基因序列进行生物信息学分析,预测发现F1L蛋白亲水、无信号肽,B细胞表位主要位于第4～8位、第16～22位、第32～53位、第59～73位、第82～99位和第123～133位氨基酸。这将为建立ORFV诊断方法、制备单克隆抗体及合成肽疫苗奠定基础。     

论我国信用证欺诈法律救济制度的完善

当今世界信用证欺诈的频频发生 ,引起了人们关于对信用证欺诈的法律救济的关注。通过对我国信用证欺诈法律救济的现状及其所存在缺陷的分析 ,从制定专门的反信用证欺诈的法律 ,完善最高人民法院关于反信用证欺诈的指导性意见 ,完善我国关于信用证欺诈司法救济的实施措施和程序三个方面提出了对策。     

中国《海商法》下FOB托运人的法律问题探究

中国《海商法》下的托运人分为契约托运人与交货托运人两种,在FOB条件下,两者并存。如何认定二者,特别在提单记名托运人与交货托运人不一致时,如何认定交货托运人,提单应该签发给谁,此时的交货托运人是否享有诉权等问题一直困扰着我们,本文对上述问题逐一进行了分析。