马来西亚的发展政策与政治稳定

政治稳定是马来西亚发展政策设计的出发点之一。在巫统一党独大条件下，马来西亚实行积极干预的发展政策，有力地介入经济及社会结构的重组。马来西亚土著的经济地位得到加强，中产阶级队伍不断扩大，客观上有利于政治稳定。但是，执政党（政府）权力与经济领域的界限不清，财富分配政策不尽合理，也造成了一些不利于政治稳定的结构性问题。马来西亚的情况对于很多现代化中国家都有启示意义。     

East Meets West in Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Finance: Policy Dialogue and Differentiation on Security, the Timber Trade and ‘Alternative’ Banking

This paper compares and contrasts South East Asian and European Union countries’ perceptions of the priorities for anti money laundering (AML) and anti terrorist finance (ATF) in relation to three industries: security goods and services; the timber trade; and ‘informal’ value transfer and banking services. It might be expected that all countries would equally support each of these aspects of AML/ATF policies, without differentiating between the industries generating the proceeds. As this paper will show, however, historical experiences, contemporary political relations and patterns of trade shape countries’ approaches, resulting in distinctive enthusiasms and reservations. In a nutshell, the EU points most strongly to products and services originating in Asia as posing AML/CTF risks, and locates primary responsibility for monitoring and control as falling within Asia - a projection of risk and responsibility that is reciprocated by Asian countries. Asian countries perceive a need for tighter control of dangerous products exported by the west, for example, small arms and light weapons, and of related money laundering circuits. Asian and European policy makers increasingly articulate concerns over illegal logging and related laundering, however European importers and their governments see responsibilities for this as falling primarily within Asia. Finally, the EU (like the US) perceives high levels of laundering risk in ‘informal’ value transfer/banking services, in which Asian-run businesses have a global competitive advantage. For the future, as the international balance of trade shifts, and as Asia increases its influence in international fora including those concerned with AML/CTF, so the region’s policy preferences may be expected to carry more weight.

日照市实施经济适用住房“货币直补”改革的案例研究

日照市委、市政府以创新的理念、改革的精神,积极探索经济适用房“货币直补”的新路子,坚持用地市场化、补贴货币化、购房自主化、运作透明化、管理动态化,收到了住房困难户、房地产开发商和社会各界多方满意的良好成效。总结日照市实施经济适用房“货币直补”改革的政府管理案例,对于在市场经济条件下地方政府如何克服改革过程中出现的问题和弊端,如何定位自己的角色和职能,如何创造性地贯彻执行党和国家的政策,如何树立以人为本、执政为民、公正廉洁的政府良好形象等,具有政府管理方法论上的参考借鉴意义。     

Volunteering in the Arab World: Bringing Back People into Politics?

This article analyzes the concept of volunteering in the Arab world. The main argument is that the nature of the Arab world in addition to the historical development of civil society directly affected the philosophy of volunteering in the region. Since civic services were not framed nor included in the national agendas of the state, this had a direct negative effect on the development of the act. However, due to social, economic, and political factors, this trend is changing: As of 2000, organizations and societies started to understand the importance of volunteering and its link to the social and economic revival of societies; Arab states started to encourage the act by providing the right legal and political environment. However, these different policies are not building democratic societies nor encouraging civic engagement. The article concludes with recommendations for how to bring people back into civic and political society as well as suggestions for future research.     

Tightened Immigration Policies and the Self‐Employment Dynamics of Mexican Immigrants

As the U.S. government has intensified its crackdown on illegal immigration in recent years, an important question to ask is how undocumented immigrants react to the stricter enforcement of immigration laws. This paper seeks to answer whether they increasingly choose self‐employment in an effort to avoid apprehension and subsequent deportation. To guard against endogeneity bias that might stem from increased enforcement in reaction to illegal immigration, the empirical analysis makes use of the September 11 terror attacks (9/11), which inadvertently triggered stricter immigration enforcement nationwide, as a natural experiment. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach and data from the Current Population Survey between 1996 and 2006, this paper examines the changes in the self‐employment choices of male and non‐citizen Mexican immigrants (a proxy for undocumented immigrants) compared to less‐educated Whites (the control group). The findings indicate that male and non‐citizen Mexican immigrants are substantially more likely (40 percent) to enter into self‐employment than less‐educated Whites after 9/11. The analysis further suggests that this finding is not driven by the 2001 recession that coincided with the terror attacks. The increased entries are mainly observed in the group that is most likely to be in the United States illegally and in those who face strong economic incentives. In addition, increased entries are not driven by increased unemployment among Mexican immigrants after the 9/11 event, but, rather, they reflect a change in the behavior of the unemployed Mexican immigrants, perhaps due to changes in perceived risks of detection and deportation.     

对宏观调控程序法治化的思考

国家对经济的宏观调控职能日益彰显,宏观调控法受到了越来越多学者的关注,但鲜有对宏观调控程序的研究。宏观调控程序是由法律所规定的,宏观调控过程中调控主体和受控主体必须遵守或履行法定的时间、空间和方式。宏观调控程序法治化就是宏观调控程序以法律的形式被确定下来并且得以实施。我们有必要根据宏观调控的需要和参与宏观调控的各方主体对宏观调控价值的追求,以正义的程序理念为指向,充分体现程序民主,建立起完善的宏观调控程序法律体系。