Multiplex high resolution melt (HRM) messenger RNA profiling assays for body fluid identification

Traditional body fluid identification methods use a variety of technologically diverse techniques that do not permit the identification of all body fluids. Definitive identification of the biological material present can be crucial to a fuller understanding of the circumstances pertaining to a crime. Thus definitive molecular based strategies for the conclusive identification of forensically relevant biological fluids need to be developed. Messenger (mRNA) profiling is an example of such a molecular based approach.Current mRNA body fluid identification assays typically involve either capillary electrophoresis (CE) or quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) platforms, each with its own limitations. Both platforms require the use of expensive fluorescently labeled primers or probes. CE-based assays require separate amplification and detection steps thus increasing the time required for analysis. For qRT-PCR assays, only 3 or 4 markers can be included in a single reaction since each requires a different fluorescent dye. To simplify mRNA profiling assays and to reduce the time and cost of analysis, we have developed multiplex high resolution melt (HRM) assays that provide an identification of all forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues.     

杀人摘取器官案尸检分析

本案中尸体检验情况及现场物证来源对侦破该案起到至关重要的作用。对于类似本案这样有特殊损伤的尸体,尸体检验的目的不但是寻找死因,还要通过这些特殊的损伤、切口分析出案件性质,作案目的。     

Property in Body Parts and Products of the Human Body

An intriguing question, which until recently had not been directly explored by the courts, is the extent to which English law recognises body parts and products of the human body as property capable of ownership. Although the common law currently recognises no general property in a dead body (and only limited possessory rights in respect of it), this apparent “no-property rule” provides no justification, it is submitted, for denying proprietary status to parts or products of a living human body. The recent decision of the Court of Appeal in Yearworth v. North Bristol NHS Trust ([2009] EWCA Civ 37) lends strong support to the view that genetic material (as the product of a living human body) is capable of ownership, at least in the context of a claim in the tort of negligence and bailment. This article examines the various issues by reference to both English and Commonwealth authority.

The succession and development of insects on pig carcasses and their significances in estimating PMI in south China

The succession of insect communities on carrion varies at local and global spatial scales. As such, ecological succession data obtained from corpses at one geographic location cannot necessarily be applied to other locations. Our study describes this succession in the far southern part of China to provide such data for forensic cases in this region. A total of 18 pig carcasses were placed in the field in four seasons, and the timing of the following events were recorded: appearance of larvae, onset of larval wandering, when most larvae had wandered, onset of pupariation, when most larvae had pupariated, onset of eclosion and end of eclosion. Our results indicated that all of the evaluated events could be used as accurate indicators of postmortem interval (PMI). The carcasses decayed fairly quickly in spring, summer and autumn, taking 225+/-75 h, 183+/-44 h, and 247+/-70 h, respectively, to decay from the fresh stage to skeletonisation. In winter, carcasses needed longer (1180+/-291) to decay as much. Carcasses attracted 47 species of insect, with flies predominating. The larvae were mainly Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) and Hydrotaea (Ophyra) spinigera (Stein). Most necrophagous insects were found all year around, and there were no marked differences in species among the four seasons, except that Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) was absent in winter. Blowflies produced only one generation on a carcass before it became skeletonised, which simplified the estimation of PMIs.     

我国商事登记立法的不足与完善

商事登记制度在我国设立多年。我国商事登记立法中存在诸多缺陷,如商事登记立法之间存在冲突,立法形式分散,法出多门等等,为此,应实行公私法分离立法模式,统一完善商事登记制度等措施,以完善我国商事登记法律制度。     

中国公民宪法意识调查报告

我国现行宪法颁布实施已经 2 0周年 ,在这 2 0年里 ,我国的民主法治建设有了很大的进步 ,宪法学的理论研究也取得了丰硕的成果 ,但是 ,对于我国公民的宪法意识一直缺乏比较准确的定量分析。组织关于公民宪法意识的问卷调查 ,一方面可以为定量分析公民的宪法意识提供第一手材料 ;另一方面也为准确评价我国宪法学教育以及普法教育的效果 ,并提出改进的建议 ,提供客观依据。     

试论人民警察自律意识的修养

人民警察自律意识修养,就是要在日常生活中,为警洁廉,责己从严,强化自我尊重 意识;强内固本,强化自我戒忌意识;反观自照,强化自我省视意识;正确取向,强化自我平抑意识。     

论民警意识

民警意识有丰富的内涵和特点。强化民警意识,必须加强自我教育、自我改造、自我提高,并注重思想建设、制制建设、警风建设。     

劳教制度的改革构想

劳动教养制度创设至今已经近50年,其存在具有历史和现实的合理性。但是,劳教制度本身又存在着难以克服的制度性缺陷。劳教制度的改革应该坚持依法治国的方向,走刑事司法改革、刑事一体化的道路。通过《刑法》和《刑事诉讼法》的全面改革与调整,填补现行刑事司法制度中结构性和制度性的缺陷,承担劳教制度的社会责任,促进司法改革的发展,实现劳教制度的自然终结。     

Evidence based strategy for normalization of quantitative PCR data,in forensic miRNA-analysis

Micro-RNA (miRNA) based analysis of body fluids and composition of complex crime stains has recently been introduced as a potential and powerful tool to forensic genetics. Analysis of miRNA analysis has several advantages over mRNA but reliable miRNA detection and quantification using quantitative PCR requires a solid and forensically relevant normalization strategy. In our study we evaluated a panel of 12 carefully selected reference genes for their suitability as endogenous controls in miRNA qPCR normalization in forensically relevant settings. We analyzed assay performances and variances in venous blood, semen, menstrual blood, saliva and vaginal secretion and mixtures thereof integrating highly standardized protocols with contemporary methodologies and included several well established computational algorithms.Based on these empirical results, we recommend normalization to the group of RNU24, RNU43, and RNU66, as this signature exhibits the most stable expression levels and the least expected variation among the evaluated candidate reference genes in forensically relevant body fluids. To account for the lack of consensus on how best to perform and interpret quantitative PCR experiments, our study's documentation is according to MIQE guidelines, defining the “minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments”.