Hyperlinking under the lens of the revamped right of communication to the public

For more than a decade now, the right of communication to the public has been developed and interpreted by the CJEU, leading to a complex set of criteria that must be analysed on a case-by-case basis. When confronted with the copyright status of hyperlinking, the Court built upon that background in a string of cases that ended up reshaping the traditional contours of the exclusive right. The practice of linking, an essential element of the Internet and a crucial tool for any online activity carried out by entities and individuals, is now affected by the new scope of the communication to the public right, with direct consequences on the liability hyperlinkers may incur. This article will examine the status of the Court's case law to provide insights that may facilitate its interpretation and application. It will consider in particular how hyperlinkers are exposed to liability and which duties of care result from the Court's approach. It will also examine how the new understanding of hyperlinks from a copyright perspective may be relevant in the context of the proposed Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market.     

共同富裕释义

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求和我们的奋斗目标,它的实现是一个长期的动态过程.随着我国全面建设小康社会的开始,对这一问题的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.本文首先分析邓小平提出共同富裕思想的必然性,接着介绍这一思想的创意,最后提出我们应如何贯彻先富共富思想.     

商法公法化属性的法理辨析

随着法律的逐渐完善,商法规范中引入了公法性质的法律规范。通过从市场经济的角度分析民法、商法、经济法三者的序列关系,从历史的角度分析美国私法领域中商法公法化的社会原因,以体系化的学理视角分析私法公法化环境下商法公法化的实质内涵,可以看出商法的私法属性是无法动摇的,商法的公法化是私法领域“再市场化”的立法体现,是商事活动的自我规制与国家经济行政干预规则相统一的技术措施,反映了社会发展的法律工具主义的需求。     

The ghosts of the past, the dreamlands of the future … or why fantasies are bound to fail in socialism and the market: The case of public health policy development in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia

The transition ‘from planned to market economy’ in the former Soviet Union and in several countries in post-communist Europe is one of the most sweeping social transformations of the second half of the 20th century. It is widely accepted that this transformation was driven by a shared belief in the market's superior ability to deliver economic growth, to create wealth and contribute to the well-being of the populations after the demise of the defunct socialist ideology. However, the element of utopian fantasy undergirding the grand projects of socialism and the market is usually ignored, often with detrimental results. The study draws on Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis to propose an alternative reading of the process of transition, as an exchange of one powerful fantasy for another. My key contention is that as long as the common utopian dream of social harmony underlying both projects will not be recognised for what it is, which is in itself an unattainable desire of the human psyche, the illusory dreamlands will continue to exist and so will their violent political consequences. The study uses the example of public health policy development in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia to illustrate how unacknowledged fantasy leads to violent utilitarianism as it was manifested in socialism, and is now repeated differently but no less tyrannically in the market. In conclusion, I argue for integrating fantasy as a constitutive element of political projects and explore the possibility of the autonomous (self-determined) mode of governance that Cornelius Castoriadis (1987/2005) theorised on and juxtaposed to the heteronomous ways of organising ruled by master signifiers present in various ideologies.     

农村经济产业化模式下土地流转法律规制研究

自从实行家庭联产承包责任制以来,农民生产积极性的提高已经极大地促进了农村生产力的发展,农村土地流转成为农村村民间进行交易的一种常态,成为一种经济形式,<农村土地承包法>、<物权法>等法律的实施,为调整农村土地流转关系提供了充分的法律依据.但是随着农民专业合作社的实施和发展,我国农业生产产业化进程的加快,农业市场化、国际...     

浅析中国市场经济发展过程中的政治民主化

市场经济的迅猛发展使我国的经济结构、社会生活、大众心态等发生了重大变化。经济的深刻转型客观上要求民主政治建设与市场经济发展同步。基于我国复杂的历史背景和发展现状,我国政治民主化在经历了长期、曲折的过程之后,必然会逐步探索出一种新型的、现代化的社会主义民主政治体制,从而完善我国社会主义民主政治。     

论西方公共服务的市场化及对我国的启示——以美国电力行业的市场化为例

2:0世纪80年代以来,西方国家兴起了新公共管理改革的浪潮,公共服务市场化在这一背景下应运而生,先从总体上宏观地介绍了发达国家公共服务市场化的内涵、原因、类型等,而后具体的以美国电力行业的市场化为例,分析了美国电力行业市场化的情况。美国的成功经验不仅对我国电力行业改革具有借鉴意义,而且对我国各个领域的公共服务市场化都有重要的启示。     

济南市住宅价格影响因素灰色关联度分析

住宅价格深刻影响经济社会发展,研究其影响因素可作为调控地区房价的参考和依据。以济南市作为具体研究区域,选取影响住宅价格的指标,运用灰色关联度方法进行分析。结果表明,国民生产总值、人均可支配收入、房地产开发完成投资额与住宅价格的关联度在0.9以上,房屋施工面积、住宅销售面积与住宅价格的关联度在0.8以上,其余指标的关联度则在0.8以下。通过调控房地产开发投资额、房屋施工面积及销售面积等可有效影响住宅价格,而住宅价格增长应与经济发展水平相适应。     

Between Market‐Preserving Federalism and Intergovernmental Coordination: The Case of Australia

This article investigates Australia's economic success since the 1990s. As this was set in motion by fundamental political reforms, it asks to what extent Australian‐type federalism has been an important factor in the reform process. By using two approaches ‐ the market‐preserving federalism approach of Weingast, which stresses the virtues of ‘limited government’, decentralisation and competition together with the intergovernmental coordination approach of Scharpf which argues for a ‘problem‐solving’ orientation of territorial actors ‐, the structure of Australian federalism, changes in the working of the federal system in the 1990s, and effects on policy‐making are scrutinised. The article demonstrates that a particular combination of a rather centralised federal structure and a particular type of intergovernmental coordination, i.e. collaboration, supplemented by the strong influence of new public management ideas, has been conducive to political reforms in Australia. This suggests that a decentralised and competitive version of federalism, as defended by Weingast, is not a necessary condition for embarking on a successful reform path in federal countries. In future research, both approaches or analytical dimensions should be used in order to better understand the relationship of intergovernmental relations and policy reforms.     

欧盟劳动力市场灵活安全性政策战略分析

从20世纪90年代后半期开始,灵活安全性逐渐成为了欧盟劳动力市场一种新的政策战略。与单纯的灵活性与安全性政策战略相比,这种新的政策战略具有同步性、协调性与弱势群体性三个主要特征。从根本上来讲,欧盟劳动力市场灵活安全性政策战略的实施是其平衡劳动力市场灵活性与安全性冲突的一种选择,是增强竞争力、增加就业和提高工作质量与效率的一种有效途径,同时也是增强社会凝聚力与防止社会排斥的重要措施。