刑事再审程序理论基础反思

从程序公正的要求以及抑制重复追诉保障被告人人权的角度出发对我国现行刑事再审程序的实事求是、有错必纠、不枉不纵的理论基础进行反思,提出实事求是、依法纠错、加强监督、保障人权的刑事再审程序新理念,以促使我国刑事再审程序与国际刑事再审制度接轨.     

论破产程序对担保物权优先性的限制

担保物权的优先性在民法中不可质疑,但在破产程序中,尤其在破产重整程序中则受到诸多限制.这种限制系破产程序本身的特点所决定,同时也是破产法立法价值嬗变的结果.基于利益衡平原则,对担保物权优先性的限制必须合理,我国这方面的立法尚存在诸多缺陷,有待进一步完善.     

我国搜查制度之重构

搜查是发现证据、查获犯罪人的必不可少的手段,但同时又会对公民的人身自由权、隐私权等诸多基本权利造成侵害,构建搜查制度应兼顾控制犯罪与保障人权、公正与效率的多元价值目标,我国搜查制度存在诸多缺陷,既不利于有效、及时地侦查犯罪,更不能较好地保障人权,应参照法治国家先进作法予以改革和完善.     

居住权基本理论问题反思——评居住权的否定理由

否定居住权的各项理由值得商榷.脱离人役权的概念体系,在物权法中单独规定居住权也是可行的.人役权制度的废弃并非铁板一块的绝对真理.居住权制度具有无法为其他制度所替代的独特功能,它并未放弃对效益价值的追求,要辩证地理解居住权的不可转让性.在居住权法律关系中,保姆一般是间接受益人.     

澳大利亚反恐怖主义立法述评

为应对日益严重的恐怖主义威胁,澳大利亚加快了反恐怖主义立法的进程,澳大利亚反恐怖主义法对基础性概念进行界定,增设了恐怖主义犯罪罪名,完善恐怖主义犯罪的诉讼程序,对有关部门进行特殊授权,并且严格了对澳大利亚本土的防范措施.澳大利亚反恐怖主义立法采用附属式的立法模式,并涉及预防、处置及制裁等多重内容,体现了普通法系的"程序优先"的特征,极大地扩张了国家行政权力.随着反恐斗争的开展,普通法系国家愈加重视制定法的作用.但是,反恐怖主义立法引发的人权问题、民族问题和宗教问题也是值得深思的.     

预告登记制度比较考察

作为一项重要的物权制度,预告登记起源于中世纪之普鲁士法,其旨在保全以不动产物权变动为目的的债权请求权,赋予该请求权物权的排他效力.该制度为德国、日本、瑞士等国家法律所继受.试图以这些国家的预告登记制度作为比较研究的对象,全面揭示预告登记的范围、性质、效力及构成要件等问题,并就此提出构建我国预告登记制度的一些建议.     

论犯罪客体要件的重构

犯罪客体要件对准确定罪具有十分重要的意义。通说的犯罪客体理论存在严重缺陷,不足以承担犯罪构成要件之重任。为完善犯罪构成理论,本文在基本坚持通说犯罪构成的基础上,引入法益理论,实现对犯罪客体要件的重构,并具体阐述了犯罪客体要件的概念以及法益、法益主体、法益侵犯以及法益受到侵犯的程度等犯罪客体要件构成要素。     

治安管理创新引论

创新是治安管理实践的需要。面对不断变化的社会治安形势,根据管理创新的理论成果,治安管理应从理论创新、观念创新、组织创新和职能创新四个层面着手。治安管理创新对推动治安管理工作具有重要的现实意义。     

Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States

The United States is experiencing growing impacts of climate change but currently receives a limited policy response from its national leadership. Within this policy void, many state governments are stepping up and taking action on adaptation planning. Yet we know little about why some states adopt State Adaptation Plans (SAPs), while others do not. This article investigates factors that predict the emergence of SAPs, both in terms of policy adoption and policy intensity (goal ambitiousness). Applying the diffusion of innovation theory, I consider the relative influence of internal state characteristics, regional pressures, and test for conditional effects between government ideologies and severity of the problem. The results show interesting differences between predictors that influence policy adoption and ambitiousness. States are more motivated to adopt a policy when faced with greater climate vulnerability, have more liberal citizenry, and where governments have crossed policy hurdles by previously passing mitigation plans. The intensity of policies and goal setting, moreover, is more likely to be driven by interest group politics and diffuse through policy learning or sharing information among neighboring states in Environmental Protection Agency regions. These findings support an emerging scholarship that uses more complex dependent variables in policy analysis. These variables have the potential to differentiate symbolic from substantive policies and capture finer information about predictors of importance.     

The culture of risk regulation: Responses to environmental disasters

Disasters challenge the equilibrium of regulatory regimes and make policy shifts more likely. Using an institutional theory of cultural biases and the concept of cultural “surprise”, this article analyses the direction and intensity of media argumentation in respect of policy shifts. Instead of assuming a demand for greater State intervention after dramatic focusing events, as suggested by other theoretical frames, cultural theory opens a variety of options that range from embracing regulatory responses from different cultural biases to the radicalization of current, but failing, instruments. The analysis of media reaction to the environmental disasters caused by the oil spills of Exxon Valdez (United States), Erika (France) and Prestige (Spain) shows that the demand for more hierarchy does not monopolize the overall argumentation. The change demanded often implies a radicalization of a particular prevalent view where the associated institutional setting is failing its supporters.