马克思博士论文中的自由思想探析

马克思的博士论文为我们建构了一个自由的体系,是一篇自由的宣言。自由具有偶然性之维,只有打破必然性命运的束缚,人才能获得自由。自由的基本因素是人的自我意识,自我意识就是人的能动性之所在。马克思追求的自由是定在之中的自由,也就是现实性的自由。这种自由通过世界的哲学化和哲学的世界化来实现。     

Mayors in Seven European Countries: Part II – Performance and Analysis

In their search for innovative policy solutions to complex social problematics, local governance practitioners will look to synergising specific policy guidance from government departments with conceptual scientific research outputs. UK academics are also now expected to emphasise the relevance of their research and to increase its utilisation by practitioners. Away from utilitarian pressures, academics from applied discipline, such as Public Administration and Local Government Studies are increasingly drawn to the benefits of co-produced research. Despite the pressure for more co-research there are few opportunities for practitioners and academics to nurture relationships that would support close collaboration. This paper looks at the opportunity for closer collaboration when practitioners undertake research degrees, in order to enhance their cognitive skills and develop greater scientific knowledge of particular policy domains. If this route to closer collaboration is to succeed, it will require academics to think differently about their relationship with practitioner-students.