Criminal Recidivism After Forensic Psychiatric Treatment. A Multicenter Study on the Role of Pretreatment,Treatment-Related,and Follow-Up Variables

This study examined associations between criminal recidivism after discharge from forensic treatment and variables related to either the time before the current forensic treatment, or the current forensic treatment, or the follow-up after discharge. Participants were treated in 12 forensic clinics according to section 63 of the German penal code. A patient was classified as a criminal recidivist when the patient or the aftercare reported that the patient was delinquent at follow-up. Patients without criminal recidivism were patients for which both perspectives (patient and aftercare) reported no delinquency at follow-up. Mann–Whitney U-tests and Fisher's exact tests were performed. Data to classify patients were available for N = 249 patients. Fifteen patients (6%) were classified as criminal recidivists. The follow-up was M = 12.58 (SD = 1.84) months, and the criminal acts occurred M = 6.00 (SD = 5.55) months after discharge. Differences between patients with and without criminal recidivism were found in pretreatment (young age at first crime, early onset of mental disorder, previous forensic treatments), treatment-related (disorder due to psychoactive substance use, gradual release abuses, outbreaks, assaults against staff, criminal act during treatment, type of discharge, outcome ratings), as well as follow-up variables (no specified housing situation, not being abstinent from psychoactive substances, inpatient readmission, course of outpatient treatment, course of mental disorder) (all p < 0.05). To conclude, it is important to consider variables related to the time before the current treatment, treatment-related variables, and variables related to the follow-up to identify the patients at risk of criminal recidivism after discharge from forensic treatment.     

Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART) Improves Executive Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults with Severe Aggression Problems: A Pilot Study

This pilot study (N = 25) compared the effects of a short, four-month version of Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy Outpatient (Re-ART Compact) and the entire, ten-month intervention (Re-ART Complete) on specific executive functioning (EF) and the risk of violent recidivism in adolescents and young adults (13–23 years). Re-ART is a cognitive behavioral-based intervention for adolescents and young adults with severe aggression problems. The Re-ART Compact and Re-ART Complete groups were comparable on the EF measures inhibition, flexibility, emotion regulation, self-evaluation, and self-control, but the Re-ART Complete group showed more improved risk of violent recidivism. We conclude that Re-ART Compact can be used as a compact, short intervention for EF, which is a valuable addition to the field of forensic mental health care where many problem behaviors relate to poor EF.     

制度反腐：转型期腐败治理新效能

更加注重制度建设,拓展从源头上防治腐败工作,这是从根本上加强反腐倡廉建设,从源头上解决腐败问题的必然选择。构建制度反腐体系是提高中国共产党执政能力的内在要求,也是建设廉洁政府的必然选择。加强反腐倡廉制度建设,在完善和创新制度的同时,还要在增强制度的执行力上下功夫,这就要突破儒家传统政治文化,秉持反腐制度设计＂无赖原则＂;弥补制度建设先天性不足,构建操作性强的反腐制度;推进法理型反腐路线,提升反腐制度建设的严密性。     

74例妇产科医疗纠纷尸检分析

目的　探讨妇产科医疗纠纷的特点和原因 ,为有关部门调处妇产科医疗纠纷和制订有关法规条文提供科学依据。方法　从本教研室 1 95 5～ 1 996年 4 2年间受理的法医病理学尸检资料中挑选在妇产科发生的与死亡有关的医疗纠纷案例 ,进行回顾性研究。结果　 74例妇产科的医疗纠纷占同期全部医疗纠纷检案的首位 (2 3 4 %) ,其中男 31例、女 4 3例 ;年龄自新生儿到 4 8岁 ,多见于出生后 1 1天以内的新生儿(5 9 5 %)和 2 2～ 4 2岁的中青年育龄妇女 (39 2 %) ;医疗事故 1 4例 (1 8 9%) ,非医疗事故 6 0例(81 1 %) ;非医疗事故中猝死有 5 0例。结论　妇产科的医疗纠纷很常见 ,多与妊娠和分娩有关 ;非医疗事故显著多于医疗事故 (4 3∶1 ) ;不同类型的新生儿肺炎和羊水栓塞症所致的猝死是妇产科非医疗事故的主要原因 ,而医疗事故则主要与妇产科手术操作不当有关。     

Illegal Dealings: The Impact of Low-Level Police Enforcement on Drug Markets

This article examines the impact of low-level police enforcement on two British drug markets, and the adaptations to enforcement made by sellers and buyers. The two markets took very different forms. One was tightly controlled by a small number of middle-level dealers, and highly structured. The structure and control worked effectively to minimise risks posed by law enforcement. The other market was very loosely structured, with little control exercised on retail sellers by middle-level dealers. This lack of organisation posed different sets of problems for law enforcement. The article examines the potential for developing the role of police sources (informants) in disrupting drug markets of both sorts. It also argues the need for provision in parallel of local treatment facilities for drug users.     

公平与公正待遇标准:国际投资法中的“帝王条款”?

在国际投资仲裁实践中,公平与公正待遇标准得到了最广泛的运用,并显现了极度扩张解释之势;同时,一些西方学者也将之与民商法中的诚实信用原则相提并论,实际上是尊奉该待遇标准为国际投资法中的"帝王条款"。但倘若如此,不仅将严重损害东道国管理外资的主权,而且,法理上也存在诸多疑点。公平与公正待遇标准对于国际投资条约的具体规定,并无"帝王条款"意义上的补缺、修正及解释之功能;同时,该标准应是"国家造法",而非"法官造法"的产物,其与"帝王条款"的实质也不相符。我国应转而支持以国际习惯法的具体规则来诠解该项外资待遇的内容。     

试论病历书写者的法律责任和应对措施

病历是司法程序中的重要书证已毋需怀疑,作为病历书写者也就自然成了书证的最主要的作者,而书证是审判过程中的重要证据之一,这体现了病历书写质量与法律的最基本的相关性和重要性。而临床上部分病历书写者没有充分认识到病历的法律重要性,以致随意涂改、伪造查房记录、主观编造体征、故意歪曲事实、遗留重要病情等现象时有发生,严重影响了病历的真实性和严肃性。因此加强法制教育、提高自身素质、严格遵守标准、实施科学管理、院科及个人抓好病历质量控制是保证病历质量的重要措施。     

弱势群体的法律保护对策

弱势群体是影响稳定大局的重要因素。我国目前对弱势群体问题的解决主要依赖于原有的社会保障体系。但实践中社会保障制度仍存在不少问题,无法很好地保障弱势群体的合法权益。因此,我国有必要出台专门的单行法规,使社会保障制度明确化、法律化,从而切实地实现对弱势群体的法律保护。     

从“开颅戒毒”谈医疗机构医学伦理委员会管理的立法

“开颅戒毒”成为近期社会一个争论热点,卫生部对这一颅脑手术用于戒毒叫停,也引起了各方的不同反应。国际上对试验性医疗行为,往往都是由医疗机构下设的医学伦理委员会来决定是否实施或终止的,而在我国却是一个立法空白。透过现象看本质,笔者谨希望通过本文为我国关于医学伦理委员会的立法工作做些探索。     

道路交通事故处理警务模式之完善

我国交通事故处理存在着处理质量不高、公信力不强的情况，其原因在于其警务模式不能适应当前专业化的要求。建立专门的事故处理机构，完善事故认定监督，改进事故处理备勤制度，改善待遇稳定处理人员队伍，引进激励机制促进积极性，完善培训学习制度以图从根本上提高交通事故处理的质量。