论医疗损害技术鉴定危机与改革

法律规定的不完善以及法官对鉴定结论的依赖性造成了目前医疗鉴定中,医疗事故技术鉴定与法医学医疗鉴定共存的二元化局面。侵权责任法在民事赔偿上否定了医疗事故的概念,提出以医疗损害责任为核心的民事责任制度,使医疗鉴定面临了新的问题。医疗事故技术鉴定机制和法医学医疗鉴定机制都存在种种缺陷,不能完全满足侵权责任法对医疗鉴定的新的需求。无论是鉴定结论的固有属性还是侵权责任法的新的技术内容都要求对现有的医疗事故技术鉴定模式进行改革,建立起符合《侵权责任法》要求的医疗损害技术鉴定制度。     

医疗纠纷民事案件处理的发展——从“事故论”向“侵权论”的转变

在我国现代历史上。“医疗事故”这一词汇经历了从新闻语言向卫生管理语言、卫生立法语言以及民事、刑事立法语言演变的过程。由于国情和社会制度的特点．卫生行政部门长时间强势主导“医疗事故”事件的处理．也使“医疗事故”概念深深地植入于我国法官的思维之中．对法院民事审判理念产生了深刻地影响作用。因我国医学界、法学界和审判实务界等对于医疗纠纷的法律处理制度和观点分歧之大,超越了其他各国和我国台湾、香港地区的法学认识．以致形成了独特的医学法律观点——即“事故论”和“侵权论”。近年来随着民事法律思想的深入研究以及对侵权法律概念的进一步认识．具有浓厚卫生行政色彩的“医疗事故”概念逐渐退出民事审判的舞台．侵权思想已经逐步回归,充分体现了我国民事法律和民事审判的进步。     

The impact of pre-treatment responsivity and treatment participation on violent recidivism in a violent offender sample

This study assessed whether pre-treatment responsivity (psychopathy, motivation to attend treatment, denial and minimisation of offending behaviour, and feelings of guilt or shame) predicted violent recidivism and/or moderated the effectiveness of a violence intervention programme. Participants were 114 male violent offenders who were referred to a structured violent offender group treatment programme; 84 offenders commenced the programme. Results showed that treatment completion did not have a significant main effect on recidivism but that psychopathy scores moderated the effects of treatment. Offenders with high scores on the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) who were rated as having good engagement with treatment, or who completed treatment, had similar violent recidivism rates compared to offenders with low PCL:SV scores. In contrast, offenders with high PCL:SV scores who dropped out of treatment or were poorly engaged had significantly higher rates of violent recidivism. These findings indicate that treatment effectiveness could be enhanced, and greater reductions in recidivism achieved, if programmes find ways to engage and maintain psychopathic offenders in treatment.     

对作品保护平等待遇原则的研究——欧盟法院第五法庭第C-360/00号初步裁定评析

欧盟成员国意大利著作权规定,对于作品的保护期限一直持续到作者死亡后的56年.但是,另一成员国德国规定对于作品的保护期限一直持续到作者死亡后的70年.意大利籍作者的作品在德国的保护期限究竟应当为多长时间?对此,欧盟法院作出了初步裁决:如果一个成员国对其他成员国作者的著作权保护的期限少于对本国作者的著作权保护期限,则是为《欧洲联盟条约》所禁止的.换言之,欧盟成员国国民的著作权应当受到同等的保护.     

AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION POLICY REQUIRING LICENSURE,REGULATION, AND MONITORING OF PRIVATELY OPERATED RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT FACILITIES FOR AT‐RISK CHILDREN AND YOUTH

Well‐meaning parents send an estimated 10,000 to 14,000 at‐risk children each year to unregulated private residential treatment facilities, which for as much as $3,000 to $5,000 per month promise to modify troublesome behaviors and make bad kids good. The facilities that compose this booming, billion‐dollar business are generally not regulated, licensed, or monitored by state or federal governments; too many aspects of this alternative care system for youth are rife with mistreatment, including physical, sexual, and mental abuse by facility staff. This American Bar Association policy resolution urges state, territorial, and tribal legislatures to pass laws that require the licensing, regulating, and monitoring of residential treatment facilities that are not funded by public or government systems but offer treatment to at‐risk children and youth for emotional, behavioral, educational, or other problems or issues.     

Group Treatment for Spouse Abuse: Are Women with PTSD Appropriate Participants?

Eighty four abused women seeking therapy with their husbands were accepted into a group treatment program for spouse abuse. In the current study, we evaluated the treatment outcome of those women (n = 27) diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD diagnosis, itself, did not differentiate those women who dropped out of treatment. Results indicated, however, that across all women, avoidance symptomatology significantly differentiated treatment completers from dropouts. Although women with PTSD began treatment in worse condition (lower marital satisfaction, higher depressive symptomatology, greater fear of spouse), post-assessment revealed they achieved positive treatment gains parallel to those of women without PTSD. Women with PTSD improved on each outcome variable measured, including a reduction in fear of spouse. Women with PTSD also did not differentially drop out of either treatment condition (men's/women's versus conjoint groups) which lends support to the appropriateness of conjoint treatment for spouse abuse.     

"民工荒"问题的法学思考

农民工的权益保障一直是法学、经济学和社会学所共同关注的热点问题.以"民工荒"问题在我国引起的强烈反响为契机,分析造成该问题的原因,得出我国相关法律制度建设的滞后是一个重要根源.尝试从法律视角对这一现象进行分析与思考,希望在理论上得到解决这一困惑的钥匙,并引起更多的人关注这一问题.     

环境法体系中的自然保护地立法

作为正在制定过程中的新兴环境立法,自然保护地法、国家公园法等自然保护地立法与环境法体系中的其他法律存在发生规范冲突和赘余的可能,有必要明确其价值定位以及相应的规范表达。在生态文明入宪、入环境基本法的背景下,环境基本法的保护优先原则和综合治理原则内含对优先保护生态整体性的价值期待,需要自然保护地立法予以表达。相较于污染防治法与资源保护法,自然保护地立法以生态环境保护为根本调整目标,且具有调整对象的系统性和调整方式的调适性,契合优先保护生态整体性的需要。为落实这一价值期待,自然保护地立法需构建以分区定保护级别制度、总行为控制制度为核心的制度体系,并采用"自然保护地基本法+各类自然保护地特别法"的总分结构。     

Illegal Dealings: The Impact of Low-Level Police Enforcement on Drug Markets

This article examines the impact of low-level police enforcement on two British drug markets, and the adaptations to enforcement made by sellers and buyers. The two markets took very different forms. One was tightly controlled by a small number of middle-level dealers, and highly structured. The structure and control worked effectively to minimise risks posed by law enforcement. The other market was very loosely structured, with little control exercised on retail sellers by middle-level dealers. This lack of organisation posed different sets of problems for law enforcement. The article examines the potential for developing the role of police sources (informants) in disrupting drug markets of both sorts. It also argues the need for provision in parallel of local treatment facilities for drug users.