The Mental Health of 13–17 Year-Olds in Australia: Findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being

The prevalence of 3 mental disorders (Depressive Disorder, Conduct Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), the prevalence of mental health problems, and rates of health-risk behaviours among those with problems, along with patterns of service utilisation, are reported for 1490 adolescents aged 13–17 years in Australia. Mental disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV completed by parents. Parents and adolescents also completed standard questionnaires designed to assess mental health problems, health-risk behaviours and service use. On the basis of parent reports, 13% of adolescents were identified as having mental health problems, while 19% were identified as having problems on the basis of adolescent reports. Many of the adolescents with mental health problems also had problems in other areas of their lives. Only 31% of those identified by parents as having mental health problems and 20% of adolescents who identified themselves as having problems, had attended a professional service during the 6 months prior to the survey. School counselling was the service most frequently attended. Clinical and population health interventions must take into account the presence of co-morbid problems and low rates of health service usage reported amongst adolescents with mental health problems.

吉林省新型农村合作医疗现状与应对策略

农民的健康问题关系到保护农村生产力、振兴农村经济、维护农村社会和谐发展和稳定的大局,对提高全民族素质具有重大意义。吉林省新型农村合作医疗（简称新农合）基本解决了农村居民因病致贫、因病返贫问题,广大农民主动就诊意识明显提高,＂小病拖,大病扛＂的现象得到了缓解,但还存在一些问题需要尽快采取措施加以解决。一是要加大宣传力度,让广大农民充分了解新农合的好处;二是要加强对新农合基金的管理;三是要科学调整补偿方案,提高补偿比例;四是要加快信息化建设,提高管理效率和水平;五是要大力加强农村卫生服务体系建设;六是要健全农村医疗保险制度。     

论我国商业医疗保险中最大诚信原则的适用

目前我国商业医疗保险的发展进入了关键阶段,由于其保险标的的特殊性,决定了最大诚信原则在商业医疗保险中的重要作用,本文就最大诚信原则在商业医疗保险发展中的若干法律问题略抒拙见,以期抛砖引玉。     

精神障碍者刑事责任能力判定研究

为推介中国人民大学法学院博士培养成果,搭建论文品评乃至学术评价之平台,《法学家》专辟博文精萃一栏。该栏目由两部分组成:其一是论文要旨,由博文作者对其博士论文进行全面系统而重点突出的介绍,一般宜包括如下要素:论文的体系架构;论文每章节的主要内容;论文的主要特点;论文的主要创新和不足;论文所研究领域的课题展望。其二是论文评议,可以是答辩委员会的论文审查意见,或者评审专家的点评,具体宜包括如下要素:对论文的总体评价;对论文的体系及各章节的评价;对论文创新的评价;指出论文的不足以及进一步完善的方向。敬请关注并提出宝贵建议。     

论违约精神损害赔偿问题

学术界通说认为,违约责任的赔偿范围不包括精神损害,精神损害赔偿由侵权责任来解决。笔者认为,仅靠责任竞合理论来保护违约中受害人的精神利益是不科学、不充分的,精神损害赔偿应该纳入到违约责任中。我国立法中尚不存在违约精神损害赔偿方面的明确规定,但也难得出禁止性结论。面对违约精神损害赔偿的发展大趋势,我国应尽快完善相关立法,做到与国际接轨。     

物质主义与"传统价值观"对大学生心理健康的影响

在社会转型时期,西方传入的物质主义和中国传统价值观并存且冲突,它们对大学生的心理健康有着重要的影响。以云南四所高校的学生为研究对象,通过问卷调查了解物质主义与传统价值观对心理健康的影响分析,发现物质主义对当代大学生的心理健康有负面影响,而“传统价值观”对其有着正面的影响。     

广州市学校卫生行政处罚现况分析

目的:分析广州市学校卫生行政处罚现况,探讨新时期学校卫生监督执法的发展形势和工作重点.方法:纳入全市卫生监督机构自2018年1月1日至12月31日查办且已结案的学校卫生行政处罚案件135宗,分析案件的案由、主体、处罚内容分布等.结果:2018年广州市学校卫生行政处罚案件案由主要分布于教学和生活环境卫生专业(56.3％)...     

From ‘Doctor Knows Best’ to Dignity: Placing Adults Who Lack Capacity at the Centre of Decisions About Their Medical Treatment

In 1989, the House of Lords first derived a ‘best interests’ test for the medical treatment of adults who lack capacity from the doctrine of necessity and, now codified, the test continues to apply today. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 sets out a non‐exhaustive checklist of relevant considerations, but it gives no particular priority to the patient's wishes. There is also no formal expectation that the patient will participate directly in any court proceedings in which her best interests are to be determined. This article will consider the advantages and disadvantages of providing additional guidance to decision‐makers in order to help them navigate both taking seriously the wishes of people who lack capacity and, at the same time, not abandoning patients who need help and support. More specifically, this article advocates formalising current best practice in the Court of Protection through the introduction of a series of rebuttable presumptions, or starting points.     

Building from the ground up: exploring forensic mental health staff’s relationships with patients

Recovery-orientated care is becoming generally accepted as the best practice, and continued development in the ways it is practiced is necessary to ensure improvement of ongoing care. Forensic patients often experience double stigmatization (the dual stigma of mental illness and offending behaviour) and during admission to hospital may lose touch with their community supports. While working through their personal recovery, patients develop therapeutic relationships with their multidisciplinary team members. When positive, these relationships can enhance a patient’s recovery. Clinical staff members participated in 88 in-depth interviews, which were transcribed, reviewed, and analysed using thematic analysis. From analysing the data, main themes and subthemes emerged related to staff’s perceptions of therapeutic relationships. When developing relationships, staff need to overcome receptiveness issues by increasing trust through understanding their preconceptions, reducing stigma, sharing innocuous stories, and giving patients the time they need. The key pillar underpinning all traits ascribed to patients and staff is collaboration and approaching treatment protocols with a social approach is essential to enhancing recovery. Staff shared a holistic view of recovery that incorporated the benefits of positive relationships and the need to create a sense of home within the institution.     

The mental health and substance misuse needs of male ex-armed forces personnel in prison

Ex-armed forces personnel constitute the largest known occupational group in prison but there is little evidence regarding their mental health, or substance misuse, needs. A total of 105 participants were interviewed and measures assessing symptoms of common mental health (CMH) problems and substance misuse were completed along with a review of their health care records. Forty (38%) participants screened for current CMH problems (CCMH) and high levels of dual symptomology and alcohol misuse were assessed. Thirty-nine (37%) had a mental health diagnosis recorded, most commonly for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and personality disorder. Those who screened for a CCMH problem were more likely to have pre-service vulnerability to negative health outcomes and those with dual symptomology were more likely to have experienced deployment during their service. Findings suggest the mental health needs of this group are similar to the general prison population. Potentially higher prevalences of PTSD and alcohol misuse may direct service provision.