广西公安民警心理健康服务机制建设之探讨

目前,广西民警心理健康问题令人担忧、不容忽视,而广西心理健康服务机制的建设又滞后于心理健康服务的需求。究其原因主要是机制缺失或不够完善,特别是有的领导不够重视、制度不够健全和专业队伍建设水平不高。建立健全广西公安民警心理健康服务机制,必须提高认识、转变观念、加强领导及完善措施等。     

Detention under the Mental Health Act: balancing rights,risks and needs for services

Mental health law has to balance considerations of both justice, and health and welfare. In the political climate of the 1990s mental health services have become targeted on those with serious mental illness, to address the objectives of containing risks and limiting service expenditure. This paper identifies that increasing rates of detention under the Mental Health Act through the 1990s in a particular region, disproportionately involve longer-term detentions (under section 3), men, and people with serious mental illnesses. Those detained are likely to experience social difficulties. Changes in legislation are imminent, and the paper concludes that thought should be given to the amount of statutory intervention in the lives of seriously mentally ill people, and to the principle of reciprocity in relation to those coerced for lesser periods. Services should seek to address the issues of social exclusion which are reflected in the circumstances of those detained.     

论精神障碍患者强制住院异议机制的完善

以维护精神障碍患者的合法权益为立法宗旨、经过27年反复斟酌的《精神卫生法》终于出台，填补了精神卫生领域立法的空白，也将人权保障写入法律。精神障碍患者以自愿住院为原则，强制住院为补充，减少了“被精神病”的发生，但是对于强制住院的异议机制规定甚少且可操作性不强，不利于维护精神障碍患者的权利。在借鉴国外精神障碍强制住院异议制度的基础上，从提出异议的主体、异议机构以及异议程序方面，结合我国国情，对强制住院异议机制进行完善。     

鲁迅．《狂人日记》与丹斋《梦天》的比较研究——以作者精神再生为中心

鲁迅的《狂人日记》（1918）和丹斋的《梦天》（1916）共同表现了作者精神再生或思想认同确立的过程。通过首次觉悟或最初觉悟，主人公们（“狂人”和“一民”）在最亲近的人际关系中发现人世的罪恶。之后，主人公们用各自不同的方式对这些罪恶进行批判，但最终不免饱尝挫折甚至受到监禁。狂人明白了自己也不是没有吃人欲望的“真的人”之后，才能摆脱疯狂状态；一民认识到自己也不是除了国家之外什么情感都没有的“真的爱国者”之后，才能脱离地狱监牢。从分析中可以看出，《狂人日记》和《梦天》在结构上和思想上具有相似性。     

Does the Statutory Regulation of Advance Decision-Making Provide Adequate Respect for Patient Autonomy?

This paper considers advance decision-making in the context of healthcare. The common law recognition of advance decisions is contrasted with new statutory provision. This paper will examine the Mental Capacity Act 2005 framework for advance decisions and lasting powers of attorney. The ‚best interests’ test and substituted judgment as criteria for proxy decision-making are compared by application to a case example. The paper examines the statutory safeguards in respect of refusals of ‚life-sustaining treatment’ and postulates that these safeguards may render respect for autonomous advance decision-making difficult to achieve in practice.     

The Impact of Gender and Family Processes on Mental Health and Substance Use Issues in a Sample of Court-Involved Female and Male Adolescents

Greater empirical attention directed toward gender-sensitive assessment strategies that concentrate on family-specific factors is thought to be both timely and necessary, especially with regard to outcome variables associated with mental health and substance abuse in at-risk adolescent populations. A sample of 2,646 court-involved adolescents was used to test two competing models regarding relationships among disruptive family processes, mental health (as both internalizing and externalizing problems), and substance abuse issues according to gender. The results of multiple group structural equation modeling procedures indicated that disrupted family processes were significantly associated with higher levels of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and substance abuse in both male and female youth. For females, however, disrupted family processes were more related to internalizing problems and substance abuse than externalizing problems. Further, the relationship between disrupted family processes and substance abuse was not mediated by mental health issues, indicating a lack of support for the alternative model tested in this study. Together, the findings underscore the primacy of the family’s impact on issues related to adolescent development and well-being in tandem with the need for a more gender sensitive approach to the needs of court-involved males and females.

试论心理健康教育在公安思想政治工作中的作用

警察的心理健康对公安思想政治工作有较大影响,它关系到警察队伍的管理和战斗力的发挥。我们要转变观念,树立人性化的管理意识,遵循民警的心理发展规律和心理特征,改革公安思想政治工作中存在的问题,借助心理健康教育的科学性提高思想政治教育的实效性。     

加工速度、工作记忆与心算能力的发展

以243名10-18岁儿童为被试,研究了加工速度和工作记忆与儿童心算能力发展的关系.验证性因素分析表明,加工速度、工作记忆与心算能力之间存在显著的相关.结构方程建模表明这种显著相关的实质在于三者之间可能存在一个递进式发展过程,即工作记忆能力几乎可完全解释儿童心算能力的发展变化,而加工速度可解释2/3的工作记忆能力的发展变化.这表明工作记忆是心算能力发展的基础,而加工速度可能是工作记忆能力发展的基础,但后者尚需要进一步验证.     

出租车交通事故频发的心理原因探析

引起出租车交通事故频发的因素很多,出租车驾驶员的心理因素是人的因素里面最主要原因。出租车交通事故频发的驾驶员的心理原因主要有：利益最大化作为驱动力是违章、疲劳驾驶、事故频发的最主要原因;侥幸心理挑衅着安全意识;搜寻路旁客源,使行车的注意集中度降低;过于自信与麻痹大意共存;多种因素引起不良情绪,影响行车安全等等。加强和改进某些方面,有效降低出租车发生交通事故的比率,创造安全、有序、和谐的运营环境。     

基于地区形势认识模式，东北亚地区合作应对核灾难

具有地缘政治学上特殊关系的韩中日三国，在核安全及应对核灾难时，不该仅仅从本国利益出发，而应该从区域公共财产的层面考虑问题。福岛核辐射事件呼吁三国加强区域合作的紧急需要。应对核灾难的东北亚地区合作，不是仅从简单的多变合作关系框架出发，而是为了保证作为地区公共财产安全的核安全，作为地区形势认识模式，提出了系统而具体的核灾难应对模式，提出了将制度性框架和具体合作方案进行系统联结的理论模式。基于Endsely的地区形势认识模式，地区形势认识模式由认识-理解-预测这三个阶段组成。在实践层面，地区形势认识模式可以被应用为建设系统而具体的东北亚应对核灾难的合作机制。为了构筑基于地区形势认识的东北亚合作体系，首先要在保证三国合作连续性的政治意志，其实要设定围绕地区合作方向性的竞争结构及与其他地区的关系，最后，为确保三国合作的有效性，有必要设立更加具体而有约束力的制度措施。