小议知识产权的私权和人权属性

现代知识产权制度主要构建在对财产权或私权认识的基础上,而《世界人权宣言》赋予了知识产权人权意义。正确认识知识产权私权和人权属性,有助于在兼顾个人利益和社会公共利益的基础上,重建或优化全球知识产权制度,并防止知识产权人滥用知识产权垄断市场的行为。     

宪法程序的类型以及功能

由于我国现行宪法对宪法程序的作用关注不够 ,导致了许多实体的宪法制度无法有效地建立 ,宪法关系不能有效地发生。应当从保证宪法规范的确定性出发来完善我国的宪法解释和宪法修改程序 ,对我国宪法所确立的人民代表大会制度应当建立与之相适应的国家权力运作程序 ,与此同时 ,为了更好地保护公民的宪法权利 ,应当在宪法修改的过程中将一般性的宪法权利保护程序写进宪法。此外 ,还应当建立宪法救济程序 ,以保证我国现行宪法所规定的各项实体宪法制度能够有效地发挥自身的制度功能。     

论我国他物权体系的整合与重构

他物权为我国物权法制定中的最大难点。物权法应从他物权制度的沿革、现状和存在缺陷入手 ,以财产所有权权能与财产所有权分离的基本次序和他物权内容的多寡状况为标准 ,对他物权体系全新构建和重新整合。控占权、占用权、用益权和经营权构成他物权的基本类型和科学体系。传统民法理论中所谓的担保物权并非单纯的物权 ,应将其从传统他物权体系中移离到其本应所处的地方———债的担保制度     

试论维护劳动者合法权益的实现条件

维护劳动者合法权益问题,不是一个简单的工会内部事务问题,而是一个关系到能否有效地调动起、保护好劳动者的劳动积极性、协调好劳动关系,构建和谐企业与和谐社会,实现国家长治久安、健康发展的社会根本问题。它的实质就是对现存不同利益群体——资本群体和劳动群体的利益和矛盾,进行适时适度的平衡和调节,以解决“弱劳工”问题。所以,在现有条件下,要提高维权的有效性,政府、企业、工会三方必须形成合力,共同努力,尽快营造一个宽松和谐的维权环境。     

民生权适用中的核心问题研究--由排除妨害纠纷案件引发的思考

在社会发展的过程中,民生保障始终是重要的社会任务。近年来,民生权作为一项新型权利被提出后,在理论界和实务界都受到了一定关注。然而,由于民生权保护的利益并不同于具体的法律权利和宪法权利,因此当民生权作为一项具体权利在适用过程中,就会面临权利定性、权利行使范围以及义务责任主体等方面的具体问题。对于民生权的性质并不应当片面理解为一种宪法权利,更不是一项部门法上的单独权利,它的运行和落实需要通过与部门法规则的衔接来实现,对民生权的适用需要加以相应限制条件,并应明确国家是民生权当然的义务主体,法人、其他组织在有规定的情况下也会承担相应的民生权义务,而个人决不能被认定为民生权义务主体,否则就会造成民生权滥用和法律规则适用的混乱。     

Why Requiring Parents to Pay for Postsecondary Education is Unconstituional and Bad Policy

For divorced parents, the question of who should pay for their child's college tuition is very difficult, especially when the issue was never addressed in their separation agreement. Consequently, some states allow judges the discretion to extend child support duties for noncustodial parents after considering certain factors. Such factors may lead to the requirement of parental contributions to their child's postsecondary education. While many states have amended their statutes to encompass extended child support, Pennsylvania is the only state to have found their statute unconstitutional. Based on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court decision in Curtis v. Kline, this Note argues that, in order to diminish inequalities between divorced and nondivorced parents, as well as between children of divorced and nondivorced parents, all states should amend their child support statutes to declare that no parent is obligated to pay for his/her child's postsecondary education, unless voluntarily agreed to, in writing, prior to the child entering college.     

植物新品种临时保护请求权性质与规范构造

植物新品种临时保护请求权旨在保护育种者自提出或公告品种权申请至授权期间的利益,其性质应属不当得利返还请求权。该请求权的主体为品种权人及利害关系人,其行使应满足时间、行为、实际通知等条件。临时保护请求权的效力范围为请求行为人支付适当使用费,该使用费应以许可费为基础,酌情考虑个案因素加以确定。我国植物新品种临时保护请求权存在权利性质含糊、主体范围狭窄、行使条件不具体及效力范围不明确等问题,应结合UPOV1991文本、其他国家和地区的相关规定及我国司法实践加以完善,以提高我国植物新品种保护水平。     

Immoderation: comparing the Christian Right in the US and pro-Islamic movement-parties in Turkey

This article will discuss the “immoderation” of religious political actors – defined as the continuation of a relatively closed and rigid worldview – through a cross-religious comparison of the Christian Right coalition within the Republican Party in the US with the pro-Islamic movement-parties in Turkey. By adapting a “most different systems approach”, this study will question the similar evolution of two religious political actors in two dissimilar political regimes. In particular, it will question the processes and types of immoderation by looking into (1) “behavioural immoderation”, immoderation for the strategic purpose of forming a small yet ideologically pure supporter base, and into (2) “ideological immoderation”, immoderation as a result of a continued advocacy for a moral role for the state without a full embrace of political pluralism. In this, it will argue that religious political actors are strategic actors who try to guarantee their organizational survival amidst changing costs and benefits of moderation vis-à-vis immoderation. Through its discussion of “immoderation” and through its cross-religious comparison, this study will aim to contribute to the inclusion-moderation literature.     

对我国反诉制度中平衡性机制缺失的反思

反诉制度是现代民事诉讼的一项重要制度,其平衡性机制是实现公正与效益所不可或缺的。但是。我国民事诉讼法却对反诉制度规定得较为简略、粗疏,致使司法实践中对这项制度的适用出现混乱不一、无所适从的局面。通过对我国反诉制度适用受阻现状的反思,从立法理念角度对我国反诉制度中的平衡性机制进行重构具有重要意义。     

城市管理综合执法之理论分析

城市管理综合执法是近几年兴起的一种新的执法方式。由于其尚处于成长阶段,因此在实践中出现了不少问题,这就需要首先从理论上廓清城市管理综合执法的相关问题,从而为城市管理综合执法的完善与成熟奠定一个良好的基础。