Introduction: The OECD and Policy Transfer: Comparative Case Studies

Abstract

The six articles in this issue examine the role of the OECD in policy transfer. Two articles (Kudrle on international tax agreements, and Legrand and Vas on Australia’s vocational and educational training policy) conclude that the OECD has been influential, albeit in a grinding and lengthy way. Two others (Clifton on the OECD’s “enhanced engagement” policy with five G-20 countries, and Eccleston and Woodward on tax transparency) find the OECD’s influence either patchier or even dysfunctional. Carroll’s article provides a novel analysis of policy transfer through accession processes, while Alasuutari explores transfer in terms of a comparative analysis of policy rationalizations that refer to the OECD as a “standard.” A common theme of all six articles is the way in which policy transfer is driven by exogenous pressures and crises, and how international governmental organizations like the OECD exploit these pressures to protect and expand their global relevance.     

决策与执行的分合限度:行政三分制分析

深圳市政府的行政改革实验“行政三分制”即将实行 ,这一新的组织模式是在我国传统的部门行政体制的背景下出台的 ,它对于改革部门行政的专权、利益部门化的严重问题将会产生重要的影响。但是从这一模式的理论假设和理性基础角度对它的未来命运进行思考就可以发现这一模式仍然是理性行政的调适 ,存在新的分离主义和专权倾向 ,难以适应越来越多元化和自主化社会的需要。     

整合业务流程管理实施模型研究

整合业务流程管理是当前企业管理发展的趋势。从管理体系、信息支持、岗位支持、知识体系、绩效体系等方面进行流程管理的整合,是提高流程效率、发挥流程职能的基础和关键。建立以业务流程为核心的整合流程管理体系,将会使企业的经营运作更好地面向客户需求,发挥流程的价值和创造作用,从而促进企业效率的提高,增强企业凝聚力与核心执行能力。     

图解“国家情报模式（NIM）”

国家情报模式（NIM）是英国警务实施的国家改革项目,该项目制定了一套比较科学的国家情报标准,2002年英国警察改革法案颁布了135个国家情报模式运行最低标准,可从NIM业务处理流程图上看,这些标准主要涉及11个方面。     

供给侧结构性改革背景下兼并重组企业劳动关系的协调力研究 —— 以东部沿海地区制造企业为例

本研究基于东部沿海地区制造企业的调查，从员工自制力、企业管理力、工会协商力、政府指 导力和非政府组织监督力等五个维度构建了劳动关系协调力对雇员和谐感受的结构方程模型，分析了中国制造 企业劳动关系协调力与雇员和谐感受之间的路径系数。研究表明，员工自制力、企业管理力、政府指导力和非 政府组织监督力对雇员和谐感受具有显著性的正向作用，它们的路径系数从大到小依次为非政府组织监督力、 政府指导力、员工自制力、企业管理力。工会协商力对雇员和谐感受虽然具有正向作用，但不显著。构建企业 和谐劳动关系，需要健全“五力联动”的劳动关系协调机制，其中，政府相关职能部门要发挥更大的指导作用， 企业工会的使命和职责需要进一步明确和增强，非政府组织的监督和维权行为需要进一步完善和规范。     

Strategy of Chinese policy entrepreneurs in the third sector: challenges of “Technical Infeasibility”

Studies of policy entrepreneurs have become a staple of public policy research. Very few such studies deal with the circumstances of China. This paper aims to remedy this oversight by exploring the mechanisms of policy change in China. Using John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams (MS) Model, the author develops the “Technical Infeasibility Model.” The paper tests the MS model’s applicability to China by examining strategies put forth by Chinese policy entrepreneurs in the third sector. It considers how they may successfully promote change by using a strategy of proposing a relatively radical policy concept that is politically acceptable and technically infeasible to policy makers. To illustrate such a strategy, this paper considers a case of policy change involving Chinese urban vagrants. The policy on “Detention and Repatriation,” which was first implemented in 1982, was challenged following the Sun Zhigang Incident in March 2003. Shortly thereafter law scholars filed two suggestion letters to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee calling for a constitutionality review of the Detention and Repatriation System. Though it was “technically infeasible” to air such a proposal in China at that time, the State Council initiated action to abolish certain provisions of the Detention and Repatriation System. However, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee did not conduct a constitutionality review.

The use and non-use of policy appraisal tools in public policy making: an analysis of three European countries and the European Union

The increasing complexity of policy problems, coupled with the political desire to base new policies on the foundation of firm evidence, has accelerated the development of policy assessment tools. These range from complex computer models and cost benefit analysis through simple checklists and decision trees. In the last decade, many governments have established formal policy assessment systems to harness these tools in order to facilitate more evidence-based policy making. These tools are potentially widely available, but to what extent are they used by policy makers and what becomes of the evidence that they generate? This paper addresses these questions by studying the empirical patterns of tool use across 37 cases in three European countries and the European Commission. It uses a simple classification of tools into advanced, formal and simple types. It finds that even when tools are embedded in policy assessment systems, their use is differentiated and on the whole very limited, in particular when it comes to more advanced tools. It then explores these patterns from contrasting theoretical perspectives to shed light on why, when and how different policy assessment tools are used in the policy process.     

论电子政务的理论基础——以“价值支配科技”的基本观念为核心

电子政务是一把双刃剑 ,在提高行政效率的同时可能损害民族文化的多样性和公民基本权利保护的法治价值。为此 ,必须确立“价值支配科技”的哲学理念 ,认真审视普遍存在的电子政务泡沫 ,整合现代信息化理论、新公共管理理论和法治国家理论 ,为我国电子政务的良性发展构建系统的理论基础。     

身份理论视域下他者对“中国模式”的学术话语体系建构

中国模式正在成为后冷战时期西方定义中国身份的一个重要话语,以西方对"中国模式"进行研究为代表的"中国模式学术话语"是这一身份建构过程中的关键性环节。西方学术界试图从经济、政治、文化、社会和历史等维度建立中国模式与中国身份之间的关联,以简单而又有明确内涵的"西方中国模式"为中国定义身份。西方"中国模式"学术话语体系的形成及扩散在一定程度上影响了中国的认知图式和身份认同叙事。为此,我们有必要从构建中国的自我身份、解构西方叙事、提升解读中国道路的话语权等方面努力,不断增强中国道路或中国模式的正当性阐释,在更高的层面上实现自我认同、自我批判与自我超越。     

从撤诉到契约:当代中国行政诉讼和解模式之转型

近年来,各地人民法院在审判实践中广泛开展了行政诉讼协调和解工作,我国已经事实上存在了行政诉讼和解制度,学界将这种由人民法院建立的行政诉讼和解制度归结为撤诉模式。但是,这种和解制度存在着法律缺陷,实践中也出现了一系列问题。为了解决撤诉模式所面临的困境,本文提出了当代中国行政诉讼和解应当实现由撤诉模式向契约模式转型的观点。