Procreation,family and ‘progress’: Administrative and economic aspects of Ottoman population policies in the 19th century

The making of the modern Ottoman state in the 19th century was closely interrelated with population issues and policies. ‘Population’ became an important component of Ottoman history throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. As the state identified the ‘population’ as a source of income after the Tanzimat, it tried to protect and procreate it through certain institutional arrangements and regulations. These policies consisted of protecting the existing population, controlling population movements, promoting procreation, and giving subsidies and lending money at interest to peasant families. The procreation policies included enforcement of marriages and encouragement of reproduction within marriages while they discouraged traditional birth control methods and practices. As in any other context, Ottoman families resisted the policies of procreation and pressures coming from the central government. This paper will examine the state's policies toward families and individuals as well as the responses of the people to these policies. I will attempt to construct a model based on the protection and the procreation policies of the modern Ottoman state, which will be an important springboard toward building a basis for conducting comparative analysis with other European states. By doing this, I will try to challenge some of the established assumptions on the nature of the ‘modern state’ in the 19th century.     

The Applicability of Best Value in the Nigerian Public Sector

We examine the applicability of Best Value practices in the Nigerian public sector and present a Best Value Model for Nigeria. We find the literature does not extend to the Nigerian context. We make contributions towards understanding stakeholder perceptions of public service delivery best practice. We show Best Value as a significant initiative for improving public service delivery. The mixed methods survey reveals Nigerian Best Value initiatives do not exist significantly, but are applicable. Outcomes are exploration of a new area for Best Value application, incorporation of implementation issues into the model and the seven-stage process for its implementation.     

论五四时期“新青年意识”的时代意义

作为传统社会主流文化的直接颠覆,新文化运动引领着现代“新青年意识”的崛起.意义重大的是,“新青年意识”揭开了传统文化作品中“大团圆情结”所遮蔽的国民“奴性心态”,解构了传统文化意识形态的思想束缚;“新青年意识”彰显了新时期“悲剧意识”中所蕴含的“献身精神”,建构着近代中国社会所急需的变革意识;“新青年意识”还重新诠释了五四时期新文化运动的时代意义,昭示着现代人精神品格培育的思想路径.     

新型现代农业区建设与城乡一体化

在中国的城乡一体化进程中,提出了缩小城乡差距,城市支持农村,让农民平等参与现代化进程共享现代化成果的目标。该文在分析了推进城乡一体化发展中面临的现代农业的发展空间、城市无地可种和农村腹地边缘化等问题的基础上,提出了基本农田驻城发展都市休闲农业区,发展国营农场壮大现代农业区,村办农场同家庭承包有机结合复兴传统农业区,营造城乡三元结构有序推进城乡一体化发展的政策建议。     

美国企业孵化器发展及对我国的启示

企业孵化器发源于美国,在培育和扶持初创型小企业、培育区域经济增长点、促进产业结构调整、增强技术创新能力等方面发挥了重要作用。我国的企业孵化是在借鉴美国的经验并结合中国国情发展起来的,具有自己的特色,也存在一定的问题。为了促进其进一步发展,还必须增强市场意识、服务意识和社会网络意识,使其向企业化、国际化发展,并不断优化融资环境,提高管理队伍的素质,推动我国企业孵化器的健康发展。     

论现代科技革命与和谐社会建设

相比第一、二次科技革命,现代科技革命体现出范围广泛、内容丰富,从理论研究到实际应用,其时间和空间大大缩短,对经济、社会的影响日益广泛和深刻的新特点。但同时现代科技革命也容易诱发新的社会矛盾,例如收入差距的贫富分化、价值观念和道德标准的转型以及对经济和政治体制的冲击与自身的创新行为等。现代科技革命对我国构建和谐社会至少具有以下意义:建设和谐社会是科技革命的前提;构建和谐社会不仅有利于避免甚至消除现代科技革命所产生的负面影响,对现代科技革命向生产力转化环节中起到润滑剂作用,而且也有利于在同科技革命互动中实现良性发展。     

论社区警务的价值取向及运作机制

作为世界第四次警务改革的结晶,社区警务代表着当今警务发展的潮流。在参考国内外有关学者社区警务研究成果的基础上,从社区警务的由来入手,阐述了社区警务的价值取向和运作机制。     

司法公正的二重价值目标——社会和谐与经济效益最大化

公平、正义的司法是法治国家解决社会争端的最后一道机制,更是构建社会和谐的保障。本文论述了司法公正的二重价值目标:在实现社会和谐的前提下,达到经济效益最大化。为实现这一双重价值目标,除应做到司法独立、程序公正和高效的司法监督外,还要在司法制度设计和实践中尊重个人,以实现人权和社会合意,并在此基础上达到司法经济效益最大化。     

出土文献的法学价值

20世纪的出土文献令世人瞩目,相关研究成果扣人心弦。出土文献中大量的法律史料,如:睡虎地出土的《秦律》、张家山出土的《汉律》、银雀山出土的《守法守令等十三篇》、马王堆出土的帛书《黄帝四经》与《周易》、郭店出土的儒家与道家文献以及其它古佚书,等等,使久已失传的律典及法律思想方面的文献得以重现,为改写中国法律史提供了可靠的依据和广阔的空间。     

刑事诉讼价值论与目的论述评

大陆法系和英美法系国家在刑事诉讼上存在着侧重各不相同的价值观和目的选择 ,并形成了不同的理论学说 ;随着价值、目的用语的引入及对国外学说的借鉴 ,我国刑事诉讼价值与目的的理论也逐步确立并发展起来。通过对几种具有代表性的理论观点的评析 ,试图区分价值与价值观 ,澄清价值与目的用语 ,并揭示其意义