Community participation in local governance in Cambodia: learning from the village networks approach

Cambodia has embarked on a process of decentralisation and democratisation, including the establishment of elected Commune Councils in early 2002. Given the lack of a tradition of encouraging civic participation in public affairs, however, there was initially little general awareness of how to engage with these Councils. The authors describe a project supported by the Ministry of Rural Development and the German bilateral agency, GTZ, and undertaken with local non-government organisations, to identify and support active community groups and improve their capacity to interact with the Commune Councils, while at the same time seeking ways for the Commune Councils to support the different groups.     

Social protection

The term ‘social protection’ has been widely used around the world and is often treated as synonymous with ‘social security’, which is misleading. This article considers the numerous terms that have become part of the language of social protection, indicating that the image conveyed by the term is rather different from what is meant by it.     

The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountability

The concepts of transparency and accountability are closely linked: transparency is supposed to generate accountability. This article questions this widely held assumption. Transparency mobilises the power of shame, yet the shameless may not be vulnerable to public exposure. Truth often fails to lead to justice. After exploring different definitions and dimensions of the two ideas, the more relevant question turns out to be: what kinds of transparency lead to what kinds of accountability, and under what conditions? The article concludes by proposing that the concept can be unpacked in terms of two distinct variants. Transparency can be either ‘clear’ or ‘opaque’, while accountability can be either ‘soft’ or ‘hard’.     

医患关系与消费者-经营者关系:揭开争论的面纱

本文针对争论多年的医患关系是否是消费者-经营者关系的问题,以现行法为依据展开讨论。文章首先讨论了"医患关系"和"消费者-经营者关系"的法律含义,以确定这两个范畴间是否存在交集;接着列举并系统地辨析了持肯定观点者和持否定观点者各自的论据。之后,文章探讨了若患者是消费者,将会对患者的权利和医疗机构的义务和法律责任造成的影响;最后从法律政策的角度分析法律是否应当认可患者的消费者地位。     

美国国内政治生态与台湾问题上的“双轨政策”——以里根时代为例

中美建交以来,美国对台湾问题奉行"双轨政策".文章以该政策的始作俑者--里根时代的台湾问题为例展开论述.首先,简述里根时代"双轨政策"的表现.接着,从美国国内政治的角度透视了里根奉行该政策的缘由,认为这是由总统个人的外交哲学以及美国国内政治生态中的诸因素共同决定的.最后,通过回顾建交以来历届美国总统"双轨政策"的演变得出结论,认为在透视当前和预测未来的美国对台湾问题政策时,要关注美国政治生态中诸项因素的作用.     

A spatial analysis of green teams: a tactical response to marijuana production in British Columbia

Over a period of 4 years (1997–2000), British Columbia (BC) experienced tremendous growth in the illicit production and distribution of domestically grown marijuana. By the close of 2000, each policing jurisdiction in BC had adopted a particular policy in response to grow operation proliferation. In summary, four policy responses were noted. First, some maintained the status quo wherein enforcement of police initiated investigations and citizens’ tips continued, but with no additional resources specifically dedicated to grow operations. Second, some jurisdictions suspended the majority of investigation and enforcement of grow operations. Third, some agencies implemented or reinforced existing resource intensive drug squads, which focused on trafficking, sales and production of all types of drugs. Finally, some of the jurisdictions formed specialized tactical units known as “green teams” that focused solely on the enforcement of marijuana production. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of green teams using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and difference-in-difference estimates. The results indicate that green teams decrease grow operations within their target area without significant displacement to surrounding areas.

论刑事政策的评估

刑事政策评估的内容包括效益评估、成本评估、影响评估、过程评估、价值评估 ,其评估方法有前后对比法、成本效益分析法。影响刑事政策评估的重要因素有 :评估体制、评估主体、评估方法、评估环境等 ,应建立多层次、多方位的刑事政策评估机制。     

如何治理“滞胀”

金融危机后,我国经济面临着诸多新问题,其中包括"滞胀"风险。"滞胀"的成因包括国际商品市场上原材料价格上涨、经济结构转型成本上升等因素。在我国传统的调控体系中,由原材料、能源价格上涨引起的"滞胀"可以通过降低工资来应对,但工资上涨恰恰又是诱发我国"滞胀"的原因之一,而且工资上涨将是中国今后相当长一段时期内的常态。因此,如何从供给出发,降低生产成本、交易成本以消除企业成本上升给经济带来的影响就成为今后我国设计宏观调控政策必须解决的重要问题。     

试论中国共产党坚持“走人民群众路线”的必然性

坚持走人民群众路线是中国共产党成立90余年来创造并发展的一条重要经验。来源于人民、植根于人民并服务于人民,是党立于不败之地的根本所在。坚持走人民群众路线,是马克思主义唯物史观的根本要求。人民群众是中国共产党领导革命和开展社会主义建设的坚强主体和核心力量,人民群众的伟大实践为党的革命和建设提供了理论与实践源泉。坚持走人民群众路线是深入贯彻＂以人为本＂理念的集中体现。在国情、世情、党情发生巨大变化的今天,坚持走人民群众路线是促进科学发展,推进和谐社会建设,实现全面小康和现代化的有力保证。     

网络民意在政策问题建构中的作用研究

政策问题是通过公共活动应该得到但却未能得到实现的需要。构建政策问题是政策制定过程的首要环节,也是整个政策周期的逻辑起点。在前互联网时代政策问题的建构主要是由大众传媒和政策信息子系统来完成的。互联网的普及为广大民众参与构建政策问题提供了便捷。案例研究表明网络民意在政策问题建构中的作用突出体现在四个方面:第一,感知并扩散问题情境;第二,帮助搜寻政策问题;第三,促进共识,参与政策问题确认;第四,对政策问题描述进行监督,减少虚假信息。