Firearm examination: Examiner judgments and computer‐based comparisons

Forensic firearm examination provides the court of law with information about the source of fired cartridge cases. We assessed the validity of source decisions of a computer‐based method and of 73 firearm examiners who compared breechface and firing pin impressions of 48 comparison sets. We also compared the computer‐based method's comparison scores with the examiners' degree‐of‐support judgments and assessed the validity of the latter. The true‐positive rate (sensitivity) and true‐negative rate (specificity) of the computer‐based method (for the comparison of both the breechface and firing pin impressions) were 94.4% and at least 91.7%, respectively. For the examiners, the true‐positive rate was at least 95.3% and the true‐negative rate was at least 86.2%. The validity of the source decisions improved when the evaluations of breechface and firing pin impressions were combined and for the examiners also when the perceived difficulty of the comparison decreased. The examiners were reluctant to provide source decisions for "difficult" comparisons even though their source decisions were mostly correct. The correlation between the computer‐based method's comparison scores and the examiners' degree‐of‐support judgments was low for the same‐source comparisons to negligible for the different‐source comparisons. Combining the outcomes of computer‐based methods with the judgments of examiners could increase the validity of firearm examinations. The examiners' numerical degree‐of‐support judgments for their source decisions were not well‐calibrated and showed clear signs of overconfidence. We suggest studying the merits of performance feedback to calibrate these judgments.     

金融市场的开放及我国银行法的完善

入世意味着我国服务贸易市场的全面开放 ,特别是中美协定为我国金融业开放提出了期限。我们根据WTO规则及国际惯例 ,检讨了我国现行银行法的缺陷 ,并提出了放宽内资银行的经营范围 ,树立混业经营的长期目标 ,鼓励内资银行拓展海外业务及加强对外资银行有效监管等完善措施。     

金融监管与洗钱犯罪控制

我国在对金融实施新监管不久,便发现大量大额可疑资金交易,反洗钱取得的成果也表明,进一步完善金融监管势在必行。鉴于立法、司法等方面存在的种种问题,更有效地控制洗钱犯罪,应从完善法律法规,设立独立机构,专门控制,借鉴国际经验,完善金融监管,协作机制建立,构建“可疑洗钱犯罪报告系统”信息网络等方面采取切实可行的措施。     

论泰国打击洗钱犯罪的措施及启示

洗钱是当今社会的一种新型犯罪 ,如果不采取有效的预防和打击措施 ,将对社会造成严重危害。泰国组建的“预防和打击洗钱总署”以其有效的措施发现和遏制洗钱犯罪活动 ,打击金融领域犯罪 ,维护社会安定等成功经验 ,值得我国借鉴。     

Sentencing disparity: An analysis of judicial consistency

This paper reports the results of an analysis of judicial disparity in the sentencing of persons represented by legal-aid lawyers. Because the socioeconomic characteristics of legal-aid clients are fairly uniform, the analysis of such cases made it possible to explore the influence of case facts, system factors, and the judicial disparity of the sentences given in relatively similar situations. The analysis finds that case facts and offender characteristics, particularly prior record, are good predictors of sentence type and excellent predictors of sentence length. While there was some indication of judicial inconsistency in sentence-type decisions, that is, unexplained variation from case to case, there was little indication of strong individual judicial bias across the cases used in the analysis.     

当前制贩假币案件的特点与侦查对策

我国当前制贩假币犯罪案件体现出涉案金额大、科技含量高等特点。针对这类案件,公安 机关要采取相应有效的侦查对策。     

微博：政府档案信息资源公开的新平台——基于政务微博的价值分析

微博作为“第五媒体”的新成员，拥有媒体、社交、平台三大属性和双向开放的基因，在信息公开和传播方面具有独特优势。政府开通微博并将其作为信息公开的一个新渠道，具有经济、政治、社会和微环境等多方面的价值。政府档案信息资源选择微博作为公开信息的平台具有可行性。     

行政法视角下我国县级政府决策模式改革研究

我国县级政府决策模式具有管制色彩重、封闭性强、民主参与程度弱、决策权力缺乏有效监督等特点,围绕县级政府决策模式改革涉及的决策主体、权限、程序、法律责任等行政法问题,未来改革方向包括强化决策与执行的适度分离、增强参与性决策与技术理性决策的比重等。法治视野下的政府权力结构和运行机制研究课题组设计了县级政府决策模式改革的几种方案,并对中央与地方公务员进行认同度调查。调查结果反映出不同府级与地区公务员对改革方案存在较大意见分歧。在进行政府决策模式改革过程中,应当以法治方式推动改革,重点围绕决策权力配置、决策程序、决策的法律责任进行,并充分考虑县级政府的特殊性、不同地区之间的差异性、地方真实信息与地方合理利益等因素。     

浅谈静态网页制作中DIV＋CSS在网页布局中的优劣势

在网页设计中，网页布局非常重要，直接影响到页面的显示效果。目前，采用CSS＋DIV的方式进行网页布局，是网页布局的主要技术之一，它具有结构与表现分离、页面载入快、易被搜索、字体控制与排版能力强，以及对浏览器具有亲和力等优点，同时也存在程序编写难度高、调用复杂等缺点。     

制造意外事件型杀人案件的侦查分析

制造意外事件型杀人案件就是行为人通过故意制造意外事件以杀害被害人的刑事案件的总称。该类案件具有极高的刑事案件假象特性，并有不同于其他相似杀人案件的特点，对该类案件的侦破难度相当大。因此,如何制定一套针对该类案件的策略与措施是急需解决的难题。