高校宿舍文化建设——践行社会主义核心价值体系公民层面价值要求的新渠道

社会主义核心价值体系是当前全社会共同认可的核心价值观,爱国、敬业、诚信、友善是公民层面的价值要求。践行社会主义核心价值是高校德育的重要内容。思政教育的文化渠道是连接教育主题与客体之间的纽带,宿舍文化是高校文化的重要组成部分,是高校开展社会主义核心价值公民层面价值教育的新渠道。     

Different crime types and moral reasoning development in young offenders compared with non-offender controls

Abstract

On empirical and theoretical grounds, it is argued that different patterns of moral reasoning development and moral values may characterise different types of offender. Male offenders in six youth correctional institutions in Taiwan and controls from one junior and two senior high schools participated in the study. Self-reported criminal histories were classified according to their characteristic offence type (Drug, Violent, or Theft). Overall moral reasoning development stage, as well as the five individual moral values, were significantly less mature in offenders than in controls despite the offenders’ mean age being higher. The moral value Life differentiated crime types since this was less mature in the violent offenders. Moral reasoning cognitive–developmental delay models were only of limited usefulness in differentiating offender types but were good at differentiating offenders from non-offenders. It is suggested that a more sophisticated understanding of the role of moral reasoning development in the study of crime is needed.     

Parenthood in Murder‐Suicide News. Idealized Fathers and Murderous Mums

In this article I analyse how parents' lethal violence is presented in Finnish murder‐suicide news reports. I explore how gendered ideas of parenthood and violence affect these constructions. The cases that I am interested in are those with child victims where the perpetrator is either the father or the mother. The theoretical frame of analysis is feminist ethnomethodology, and Membership Categorization Analysis is used as the method. One of the starting‐points is that parenthood is gendered in a way that mothers and fathers have different rights, responsibilities and competences in our culture. In other words, moral orders of fathering and mothering exist. Because of this, women's and men's violent actions towards their own children are understood differently. When a man kills his children and himself he can be portrayed as a caring parent. Instead, in a certain context a woman can be ‘a killer mum’, her act ‘a murder’ and her personality described in the light of the deed. The focus of this article is on gender and family categorization used in murder‐suicide news in Finnish newspapers and the moral orders created in them. I explore the differences by mainly using two case examples: 1) a man who killed his three children and himself, and 2) a woman who killed her husband, two children and herself. The consequences of these newspaper constructions are also considered.     

Insuring morality

This article describes and compares two forms of moral regulation employed in connection with insurance institutions. The first governs through moralized personal attributes or pressures like 'temptation' and 'character'. The second governs through moralized institutional or system attributes and processes described in terms of 'efficiency'. The article traces these forms of moral regulation from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, arguing that both continue to inform popular and specialized discourses of risk.     

立功制度的道德根基考察及其改造

我国刑法第68条规定的立功是我国特有的一项量刑制度,而究其本质可以说是一种国家和犯罪分子的双重功利主义。通过对其道德根基的考察,会发现现行立功制度是一种对告密行为鼓励、对违反社会最基本道德行为褒扬的法律制度,其违反了立法的最根本的道德基础。进而得出取消在刑法总则中对立功制度的规定,在刑法分则的数个重罪中设立特殊的立功条款更为可行。     

论中华慈善文化及其道德精神

内容提要:慈善的要旨是对他人的关爱与帮助。它是人类社会发展和进步的结果,也是人类社会文明的一种重要象征。中国作为文明古国,有着悠久的慈善传统,慈善文化是中华文明的重要组成部分,它有着自身鲜明的特点,并且也蕴涵着极为深刻和丰富的道德精神。     

公务员工资制度改革研究

由于公务员工作绩效难以通过单一的测量尺度表现出来，使得在市场领域中发挥良好作用的工资机制难以完全有效地引入公务员工资收入决定机制设计中。按照委托-代理理论的分析框架，有效的公务员工资应采取固定收入加根据产出确定的浮动收入的形式，只有让公务员承担部分风险才能对公务员的行为起到激励作用。     

Legal obligation as a duty of deference

An enduring question in political and legal philosophy concerns whether we have a general moral obligation to follow the law. In this paper, I argue that Philip Soper’s intuitively appealing effort to give new life to the idea of legal obligation by characterising it as a duty of deference is ultimately unpersuasive. Soper claims that people who understand what a legal system is and admit that it is valuable must recognise that they would be morally inconsistent to deny that they owe deference to state norms. However, if the duty of deference stemmed from people’s decision to regard the law as valuable as Soper argues, then people who do not admit the value of the state would have no duty as such to defer to its norms. And, more importantly, people who admit the value of the state would have a duty not to defer to particular norms, namely those norms which violate the values that ground their preference for a state. This critique of Soper operates within his parameters by accepting his claim that moral consistency generates reasons to act. Even on those terms, Soper’s defence of legal obligation as a duty of deference is unpersuasive. I wish to thank John Tasioulas, Joseph Raz, Bill Edmundson, Adam Cureton, the editors and referees of Law and Philosophy, and the participants of the Society for Applied Philosophy 25th anniversary conference, July 2005, St Anne’s College, Oxford.     

关于传统文化的两个问题

中国传统文化中的基本精神具有永恒的意义,而且一直在随着时代和社会的变迁而发生着深刻的变化。对待传统文化要在肯定的基础上,抱着温情和敬意进行研究;面对现实,积极响应市场经济和社会现状的挑战,进行推陈出新。     

警察道德失范的心理因素及治理对策

警察道德失范是警察违法犯罪率逐年上升的重要原因。不良社会心理是导致警察道德失范的内在因素。主要表现在警察的不合理认识、不良社会意识和偏颇的角色意识三个方面。提高警察道德认知水平、加快警察道德立法进程是治理警察道德失范的根本对策。