“道德银行”的困境及其伦理启示

"道德银行"是近年来推出的旨在推进公民道德建设的一种创新式的方式,其伦理实质是用一种功利化的方式推进美德建设."道德银行"的实施存在着理论与实践上的双重困境:在理论上,"道德银行"与美德存在着内在的冲突;在实践中,"道德银行"容易产生伪善."道德银行"所产生的困境给我们的主要启示是:道德建设应合理地明晰道德的层次,结合道德自身的特点;道德建设尤其是美德建设不能采用功利化的推行手段;应在充分考量现实道德生活环境的基础上合理地运用不同的伦理理论.     

浅析中国古代的德治思想

作为一种社会控制的制度文明模式,德治思想深深地扎根于中国传统政治和法律理论中。作为一种治国方略,德治思想被中国历代统治者所重视,对维护统治起着重要作用。但其也有一定的局限性。     

秦汉时代之西南夷道德生活

秦汉时代之西南夷以夜郎、滇、哀劳、邛都、艹作都、冉夷、白马氐等为其重要部族。就史料所显露的道德生活特点而言,首先,功利主义已成为普遍奉行的道德原则。其次,部族间的利益斗争不同程度地伤害了他们相互之间团结的道德感情。其三,由于首度成为秦汉统一国家的构成部分,他们的道德生活也程度不同地受到了官方以及汉民族的强烈影响。第四,面对官方的压迫和剥削,他们还程度不同地显示了勇于反抗的道德品质。     

论婚姻家庭领域道德调整与法律调整的关系──兼谈对婚外恋的道德调整和法律调整

婚姻家庭关系的伦理性是道德调整和法律调整的客观基础。社会道德和法律共同规范着婚姻家庭关系。道德调整和法律调整的手段和领域不同。道德调整和法律调整在婚姻家庭关系中某些领域界限明确,可分别调整;但在另一些领域难以明确界定自己的调整范围,道德和法律可从不同层次加以规范。对婚外恋行为,道德和法律可分层调整,以实现道德调整和法律调整的效力。     

道德建设与道德教育

当前中国的道德状况仍然令人担忧,道德教育也陷入误区。应在江泽民同志“以德治国”思想的指导下,综合创新,建立社会主义道德体系,在道德教育中应革新方法,加强责任教育,并挖掘借鉴其他学科领域的道德内涵和教育方法。     

加强公安情报信息工作是提高公安工作效率的基础

公安情报信息工作是公安工作生命线,公安工作效率的提高必须依赖高效率的情报信息工作,而当前情报信息工作制约了公安工作效率的提高.网络是情报信息工作与提高公安工作效率的最佳结合点.提高公安工作效率关键是依靠效率的道德基础,只有情报信息工作超常规效率的出现,才能保证公安工作超常规效率的形成.     

Avoiding blame when violating traffic rules: the development and validation of the justifications of traffic violations scale

Traffic norms violations are the most common form of law breaking. Our aim was to investigate a factor that might contribute to the massive disobedience to traffic laws, namely drivers’ use of self-legitimization strategies that allow them to transgress them without paying the psychological costs that would follow, such as regret or shame. Using the framework of the self-exoneration mechanisms described by the Social Cognitive Theory, we developed a measure assessing drivers’ strategies of justification of their traffic violations. Across two studies, we tested the psychometric proprieties of the Justifications of Traffic Violations scale (JTVs), its factorial structure, and its construct, external and incremental validity. Results showed that drivers self-exonerate when transgressing traffic laws predominantly through four strategies (Minimizing risks, Displacement of responsibility, Personal needs and Outcome – based justification) that are addressed by the JTVs and that construe one’s refraining from committing deviant driving behaviours as unnecessary, impossible or undesirable. The JTVs and each of its four specific cognitive mechanisms were found to be positively related to the most maladaptive driving styles, as well as to self-reported traffic offences and accidents, suggesting that these self-exonerating strategies favour the instilment and maintenance of habitual deviant behaviours on the road.     

浅析大学生的思想教育网络化

随着人类进入信息社会,网络以其独特的方式影响着社会各个领域。大学生作为一种特殊的群体,网络给他们的思想带来了诸多影响,既有正面的也有负面的。大学生思想教育网络化应采取的对策措施具体包括:“两课”教育进网络,发挥网络在思想教育中的作用;建立高素质的网络思想教育师资队伍;加强网络伦理规范建设;重视校园BBS站的舆论引导;加强网络文化建设,把握文化主旋律。     

How liable should an exporter be?: The case of trade in hazardous goods

This paper analyzes liability issues in the context of internationally traded goods like hazardous waste. It focuses on waste disposers of a small open economy that are judgement-proof due to either wealth constraints or regulatory liability limits. In this case, the extension of liability to waste exporters distorts the factor allocation and may reduce disposal care. Hence the optimal extension is partial at most. However, extending liability increases incentives of the waste importing country to hold domestic disposers liable. Interaction through the price system and through contracts that condition payments for disposal services on the occurrence of an accident yield identical outcomes if disposers are judgement-proof.     

浅论民事侵权的精神损害赔偿问题

随着社会的发展和文明的进步 ,人们越来越重视精神权利的价值 ,重视精神创伤对人格利益的损害。文章从精神损害的界定、精神损害赔偿的适用范围、精神损害赔偿标准以及改进措施等四个方面 ,对民事侵权精神损害赔偿问题进行了探讨。