新中国成立以来社会主义道德建设的主要历程和基本经验

道德建设之于社会、国家与个人具有基础性意义.新中国成立以来社会主义道德建设总体上可划分为道德价值与规范体系的初步确立时期、人道主义兴起与精神文明建设时期、多元价值理念交锋交融与分步骤成体系的道德建构时期三个主要历史阶段.党和国家在推进社会主义道德建设的伟大历史进程中也逐步形成了一系列宝贵历史经验,诸如:全面坚持发展和创...     

影响日本德育因素的若干思考

日本德育今后的发展,将受到几个方面因素的制约,即如何处理民族文化与外来文化;如何处理经济发展与道德进步协调一致,即算盘与《论语》并重;如何示传统集团主义与后现代的人本主义并重;如何在身边寻找"伦理"的源泉。日本在这方面的经验教训值得警戒。     

论构建新型德育课程体系

构建反映时代精神的新型德育课程体系具有很强的现实意义。针对以往的德育课程体系存在的弊端,构建反映时代精神的新型德育课程体系必须重视活动课程与隐性课程建设,加强对德育教学内容的改革和创新。     

The Denial of Virtue

When a New York City man risked his own life to save a stranger on the subway tracks, the New York Times interpreted his behavior not in terms of virtue but as a product of certain ‘hard-wiring’ he happened to possess. In denying virtue, the Times followed a school of thought that is pervasive in social science (referred to in this paper as the ‘individualists’) who, for example, explain charitable donations by pointing out tax deductions, explain volunteer work by revealing the opportunities contained therein to meet other singles, and so on. Actually, the assumptions and arguments which ground this widespread ‘denial of virtue’ are both empirically and normatively flawed, and the theory itself is belied by data about people doing good for moral reasons. Evidence drawn from personal introspection, from empirical studies of human behavior, from analysis of voting as a civil act, from interpreting peoples’ reaction to Alzheimer’s disease, from critical inspection of the logic of ‘individualist’ social explanations, and from a normative criticism of the products of the ‘individualist’ approach all support a rejection of the ‘individualist’ approach. The deniers of virtue should heed the evidence and pay mind to the amoralizing consequences of their erroneous theories.

A psychological perspective on moral reasoning,processes of decision-making,and moral resistance

ABSTRACT

This article presents a psychological approach on the development of social and moral judgments that has relevance for the topics of public justification and world politics. In contrast with approaches assuming that morality is primarily determined by emotions and non-rational, the research discussed shows that moral development involves the construction of thinking about welfare, justice, and rights. In parallel with judgments in the moral domain, individuals construct judgments about conventions in the social system and areas of personal jurisdiction. Research documents that moral and social decisions involve processes of coordination, or weighing and balancing, moral and non-moral considerations and goals, as well as different moral goals. Processes of coordination are also involved in decisions about cultural practices that include social inequalities and relationships between those in dominant and subordinate positions in social hierarchies. Judgments about the fairness of practices entailing inequalities produce social opposition and moral resistance.     

Longevity Ancient and Modern

The article examines illustrations from ancient and modern societies to consider the connections between power, social elites and knowledge of techniques to promote longevity. In pre-modern societies, knowledge of practices and substances to promote longevity were cultivated by elites such as the Chinese imperial court. In modern societies, new technologies—cryonics, cloning, stem-cell applications and nanotechnology—will offer exclusive and expensive methods for prolonging life for the rich. However one important difference between the ancient and modern world is that with secularization longevity is no longer connected with a moral life; longevity is not a reward for sanctity. We have democratized the ambition for long life but not necessarily its realization. The modern quest for longevity appears to be connected with the desire of Baby Boomer generations to hold on to their assets, but while modern medicine may help us to survive forever, it cannot tell us how to live forever.

Immeasurable Pleasure and Meaningful Imperfection: Raising Good Citizens in a Bad State

Previous research has shown that a party's election results can depend on visibility and tone in the media. Using daily content data from the major news bulletins and daily survey data from the 2007 national election campaign in Denmark (N = 5,083), our analysis improves upon two central aspects of this earlier research. First, the effects on vote choice of the parties' visibility and tone in the media are studied concurrently in the same model. Second, a distinction is made between the effects of direct exposure to specific news content and the effects of the cumulative information environment created by the media. Overall, it is found that the more visible and the more positive the tone toward a given party is, the more voters are inclined to vote for this party. The effects are primarily effects of the information environment, not effects of direct exposure, though undecided voters are also directly affected. In the discussion, central conditions for the strength of media effects are identified.     

论行政良心的基本问题

加强行政伦理建设必须研究行政良心的基本问题。行政良心是公务员对自己职业行为善恶性质的心理评价机制,其评价对象不仅仅是行政行为的实际效果,也包括行为的主观动机所体现着的行政品德。行政良心具有促使公务员产生职业道德行为,形成行政道德人格的重要功能。     

网络时代条件下对高校德育工作全面创新的思考

网络在大学生德育工作方面发挥积极作用的同时,也有着诸多的负面效应。高校应当充分利用网络时代所带来的机遇和条件,让德育工作占领网络阵地,为促进大学生全面发展创造有利条件。     

Emotional Intuitions and Moral Play

Brosnan's research on chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys provides invaluable clues to unlocking the complex nature of human morality. Elaborating upon her claims, we explore the role of emotions in basic social interactions, social regulation processes, and morality, all of which may be crucial to both human and nonhuman communities. We then turn to a conceptualization of teasing and play as forums for negotiating norms and the boundaries of acceptable behavior, and focus on the role of emotions in assessing the moral character of others. Finally, we consider points of convergence and departure between human responses to relative deprivation and those observed by Brosnan in primates. We conclude that work such as Brosnan's paves the way for fruitful collaborations between scholars of morality from diverse fields.