Avoiding blame when violating traffic rules: the development and validation of the justifications of traffic violations scale

Traffic norms violations are the most common form of law breaking. Our aim was to investigate a factor that might contribute to the massive disobedience to traffic laws, namely drivers’ use of self-legitimization strategies that allow them to transgress them without paying the psychological costs that would follow, such as regret or shame. Using the framework of the self-exoneration mechanisms described by the Social Cognitive Theory, we developed a measure assessing drivers’ strategies of justification of their traffic violations. Across two studies, we tested the psychometric proprieties of the Justifications of Traffic Violations scale (JTVs), its factorial structure, and its construct, external and incremental validity. Results showed that drivers self-exonerate when transgressing traffic laws predominantly through four strategies (Minimizing risks, Displacement of responsibility, Personal needs and Outcome – based justification) that are addressed by the JTVs and that construe one’s refraining from committing deviant driving behaviours as unnecessary, impossible or undesirable. The JTVs and each of its four specific cognitive mechanisms were found to be positively related to the most maladaptive driving styles, as well as to self-reported traffic offences and accidents, suggesting that these self-exonerating strategies favour the instilment and maintenance of habitual deviant behaviours on the road.     

Moral Concerns and Policy Attitudes: Investigating the Influence of Elite Rhetoric

A growing body of research documents the crucial role played by moral concerns in the formation of attitudes and a wide range of political behaviors. Yet extant models of moral judgment portray a direct linkage between moral intuitions and policy attitudes, leaving little room for the influence of political context. In this article, we argue that political rhetoric plays an important role in facilitating the connection between moral intuitions and political attitudes. Using a unique combination of media content analysis of the stem cell debate and individual-level measures of the public’s moral foundations, we examine the role of rhetoric in linking a person’s moral foundations to his or her attitudes. Our results show that individuals who are the most likely to have been exposed to political rhetoric have the strongest connection between their moral foundations and their attitudes on the issue. We also find that rhetoric was persuasive on this moralized issue and present suggestive evidence that it was most persuasive among those who endorsed the relevant moral foundation.     

泰国汉语师资现状及对策研究

学者们普遍认为,泰国汉语师资存在师资不足、师资队伍不稳定和教学能力参差不齐的问题。然而近20年来,泰国汉语教育发展迅速,泰国汉语师资是否依然如此?为了回答这一问题,本文通过问卷调查和访谈等实地调研形式,分析访谈内容和问卷调查数据,了解泰国汉语师资的现状,总结泰国汉语教师的新特点及存在的问题,并提出解决对策。     

浅析大学生的思想教育网络化

随着人类进入信息社会,网络以其独特的方式影响着社会各个领域。大学生作为一种特殊的群体,网络给他们的思想带来了诸多影响,既有正面的也有负面的。大学生思想教育网络化应采取的对策措施具体包括:“两课”教育进网络,发挥网络在思想教育中的作用;建立高素质的网络思想教育师资队伍;加强网络伦理规范建设;重视校园BBS站的舆论引导;加强网络文化建设,把握文化主旋律。     

How liable should an exporter be?: The case of trade in hazardous goods

This paper analyzes liability issues in the context of internationally traded goods like hazardous waste. It focuses on waste disposers of a small open economy that are judgement-proof due to either wealth constraints or regulatory liability limits. In this case, the extension of liability to waste exporters distorts the factor allocation and may reduce disposal care. Hence the optimal extension is partial at most. However, extending liability increases incentives of the waste importing country to hold domestic disposers liable. Interaction through the price system and through contracts that condition payments for disposal services on the occurrence of an accident yield identical outcomes if disposers are judgement-proof.     

浅论民事侵权的精神损害赔偿问题

随着社会的发展和文明的进步 ,人们越来越重视精神权利的价值 ,重视精神创伤对人格利益的损害。文章从精神损害的界定、精神损害赔偿的适用范围、精神损害赔偿标准以及改进措施等四个方面 ,对民事侵权精神损害赔偿问题进行了探讨。     

普遍伦理与特殊伦理——儒家伦理重构论纲

对待古老的"孔家店","打倒"是不行的,"转化"是必要的,然而"重构"才是根本的。不应该将儒家伦理与基督教伦理简单对比,将前者看成"普遍伦理",而将后者贬为"特殊伦理"。实际上,儒家伦理既是一种"普遍伦理",也是一种"特殊伦理",前者表现为"天人合德"的终极原则、"仁爱"的普遍原则与"先仁后礼"的先验礼制原则,后者表现为"五伦关系"中那种"各得其所、各就各位"的"序位伦理"。"德"与"位"的统一就是"普遍伦理"与"特殊伦理"的统一,因此,儒家的"德位"之思具有深刻的形而上意义。     

提高执政党执政能力的道德维度透析

提高执政党执政能力对社会、对党自身有着深刻的道德内涵。党的执政目标充满立足于“为公”、“为民”的道德价值追求。能力建设体现着党对社会道德秩序的关切,适应了当前我国社会伦理关系协调的需要。通过党内民主建设将党的执政行为纳入以民主和法制为准则的伦理轨道,这是规范执政党自身行为和理顺社会伦理关系的根本保证。     

充分发挥高校共青团组织的作用——当代大学生理想状况调研与思考

了解当代大学生的思想状况,更准确地把握大学生的思想脉搏,有的放矢地开展团的工作,充分发挥共青团在高校学生德育创新中的作用。加强对学校德育工作者队伍的建设,特别是团干部队伍、辅导员队伍和学生干部队伍的建设,全方位推进大学生素质教育。     

执政能力建设必须警惕的历史误区：儒家道德自律型政治

道德自律型政治抹煞了伦理与政治的界限和各自适用的领域,使得伦理与政治问题的解决都未得其法;企图以道德自律来治国平天下,忽视政治体制和制度的变革,使制度文明严重滞后;迷信道德至上、教化万能,把“内圣”的养成与外化作为实现其政治理想“外王”的根本的、唯一的途径,结果事倍而无功;德治、礼治、王道、仁政所造就的贤人政治,使中国长久走不出人治的泥潭,始终跳不出盛衰兴亡历史周期律的支配,难以实现国家的长治久安;陷入“人性善”的认识误区,权力缺乏有效的监督制约,政治成为腐败政治。因此,把传统的道德自律型政治转变为现代的以民主法治为核心的他律型政治,是当今执政党能力建设和国家政治建设的必由之路。