Reimagining civil society in conflict: Findings from post-2001 Afghanistan

What is the meaning and role of civil society in Afghanistan? And what contribution could civil society actors make to promoting peace and political reform? Drawing on a research and dialogue project conducted in 2009–2012, this article explores local understandings and practices of civil society in Afghanistan, and examines their relationship to security and social change. It argues that studying civil society can help shed light on the changing dynamics of political authority and security in the country, as well as offer new avenues for promoting progressive change. The article addresses some of the conceptual and analytical limitations of dominant narratives about civil society in conflict-affected environments, demonstrating how they tend to neglect certain forms of agency that have the potential to be transformative.     

程序价值论

程序的价值由其自身的性质决定。程序的派生性决定了程序的目的价值,即保障结果正确。程序的相对独立性决定了程序的手段价值,即过程正当。保障结果正确有两项内容:一要保障正确反映实体,包括正确反映实体事实、正确反映实体法律关系、正确划定案件范围;二要保障正确适用法律。过程正当有三个标志:一是程序行为要合法;二是程序行为要公正;三是程序行为要及时。保障结果正确是程序的根本价值,过程正当是程序的一般价值。这两项价值的关系就是根本价值和一般价值的关系。在不发生冲突时,两项价值各自独立。一旦发生冲突,过程正当要服从结果正确。这种关系通常不变,但在特殊情况下也会起变化。     

Partisan legitimacy across generations

In this paper we argue that parties shape their supporters’ views about the political system via the messages they communicate about the desirability of the political system. Moreover, we contend that the effectiveness of such communication varies considerably across generations. Combining data from election surveys collected in 15 democracies as part of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) project with data on the policy positions of 116 political parties collected by the Comparative Manifestos Project, we find that supporters of parties that express positive positions toward the political system report systematically higher levels of political legitimacy than supporters of parties that communicate negative views. Moreover, this communication is particularly effective among older party identifiers whose partisan identification tends to be more pronounced. Taken together, these findings suggest that political parties play an active role in shaping citizens’ views of the political system but their success in mobilizing consent among citizens in contemporary democracies may weaken with partisan de-alignment and generational change.     

范畴框架的改变:柯亨对历史唯物主义的重建

为了解决历史唯物主义的"合法性问题",柯亨开始着手对历史唯物主义进行重建。他的重建任务之所以能够实现,凭借的是功能解释的方法,而柯亨的功能解释方法能够奏效的原因在于他对生产力、生产关系(经济基础)等基本概念的重新界定。经过柯亨"重建"的历史唯物主义实质上意味着范畴框架的改变,以满足马克思理论体系的逻辑前提,从而使历史唯物主义理论看起来更加明确。     

认真对待自由——哈特《法律、自由与道德》中法律思想的解读

关于道德能否进行法律强制问题,最有名的论战当属于哈特与德夫林的交锋,哈特在其著作《法律、自由与道德》中站在自由主义的立场精彩地回击了以德夫林为代表的法律道德主义的观点。不仅给我们带来了关于道德与法律的新的启发和思考,更为个人自由权利不受强制争取了宝贵的空间。     

在法治方略下寻求社会管理创新

社会管理创新是我国社会建设事业推进过程中回应现阶段经济政治社会发展的必然要求.在法治方面成为国家根本治国方略的当代,在法治方略下寻求社会管理创新具有现实正当性和优越性;依法适度培植社会组织和规范引导社会组织发展、在立法模式上改过去的行政主导立法为博弈立法、完善税收法制、立法中更多地吸收社会生活中形成的习惯和惯例、构建政府与社会分工合作各司其职的适法格局等是法治方略下寻求社会管理创新的根本性举措.社会管理法治化是人类社会发展和法治发展之逻辑必然.     

基于法学视角的环境标准问题研究

环境标准属于技术性法律规范,其技术性决定了必须由专家参与,但其作为制度规范价值意义上的考量,在制定主体、制定程序以及颁布生效方面,都离不开法学视角的审视。     

T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land in Lithuanian translation

Small states, argued Peter Katzenstein a quarter of a century ago, were different. Faced with the fluctuations of world markets, they adopt democratic corporatism and domestic compensation, thus ensuring political legitimacy and successful economic adjustment. The Baltic countries are an interesting case study for this framework, because in many ways they are “smaller” than the seven countries analyzed by Katzenstein. This article finds that, on a broader level, Katzenstein’s framework is very helpful in highlighting the key developments in the Baltic countries. On the other hand, the specific causal mechanism that can be drawn from this framework running from smallness, to democratic corporatism, to political legitimacy, as well as domestic compensation, has not developed in the Baltics.     

多元社会思潮与意识形态危机——苏联政治悲剧的历史反思

自20世纪80年代开始,苏共领导人逐步背叛马克思列宁主义,错误抛出自由化改革,引发非马克思主义社会思潮泛滥,导致意识形态全线崩溃。以"公开性、多元论"为特征的民主社会主义思潮动摇了马列主义理论基石,信奉"市场万能"的新自由主义思潮摧毁社会主义经济基础,"为历史翻案"的历史虚无主义思潮扭曲苏联共产党形象,鼓吹"大俄罗斯"的民族沙文主义思潮引发苏联国家认同危机。多元社会思潮的催化剂效应,导致社会主义制度的政治合法性全线崩溃,最终瓦解了苏共,毁灭了苏联。苏共在处理多元社会思潮问题上的教训十分深刻,对我党的意识形态建设具有重要的警示与启发意义。     

往返流盼：检察机关一般监督权的考证与展望

受革命道路、政体结构、法制传统、诉讼资源等因素影响,检察机关一般监督权在法律发展史中命运跌宕,经历了数百年的枯荣和沉浮。从俄国彼得大帝的初步实践,到苏联的系统运行,强调最高性、全面性、单向性的一般监督权在维护法制统一上有得有失、毁誉参半。当前,包括俄罗斯在内的两大法系主要国家,仍然存续着有限的一般监督权,并在监督方式上呈现出针对性、有效性、双向性的发展趋势。基于法制统一、保障人权等目标,我国可在合宪性监督、劳动教养监督、检察建议权、行政执法监督上明确有限的一般监督权。