Rival Transnational Networks,Domestic Politics and Indonesian Timber

Scholars interested in the promotion of “good governance” and those interested in transnational advocacy networks both are concerned with the potential power of external actors to alter domestic political structures. This article analyses the networks promoting neo-liberalisation and democratic practices in Indonesia's forestry sector as rival transnational networks. The analysis finds that the Asian economic crisis and collapse of the Suharto regime provided a political opening for alliances between the two rival networks that helped to bring down the ruling oligarchy in timber, but the power of domestic oligarchs controlling the sector remains strong. In brief, there are limits to the power of both external networks vis-à-vis domestic power relations. Given the financial resources and constraints on non-governmental organisations, they may be unable to alter the deep structures of capitalist accumulation and distribution based in Indonesia's forest resources.     

Trust in Government: A By-Product of NGO Intervention in Public Policy

This article develops a theoretical rationale for the role of the rising number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), acting as independent agents, in influencing the risk exposure of governments to the loss of trust. In this article, trust is based on government performance consistent with citizen expectations. This performance-expectation connection is a concept in theories of democracy, trust, responsive government, and good governance. A role of the NGO in influencing trust in government is proposed centered on bringing government performance and citizen expectations into alignment.     

Questioning local ownership: Insights from donor-funded NGOs in Tajikistan

ABSTRACT

Local ownership is one of the popular paradigms of Western development aid. It involves giving more effective control of the design and implementation of development aid to local actors in aid-receiving countries, including governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local communities. This article contrasts the understanding of local ownership as a top-down process triggered by donors, with an alternative, bottom-up ownership, which emerges spontaneously on the ground. By looking at the case of a local NGO in post-Soviet Tajikistan, the article analyses practices which reveal how the NGO actively takes ownership of development aid through everyday work. This includes fundraising, structuring relations with other organizations competing for donor funding, selecting calls for proposals from NGOs and writing grant applications. Each of these activities involves negotiations of the goals and scope of development work, against parameters imposed by donors. By means of example, the article questions the application of the local ownership paradigm in development work.     

马来中产阶级与马来西亚非政府组织关系探讨

在马来西亚，中产阶级作为一支有影响力的力量主要形成于二战后，特别是新经济政策实施后的经济高速发展时期。马来中产阶级参与到国家政治和社会生活的各个层面。本文在分析现代马来中产阶级产生原因和过程的基础上，选取巴生流域（Klang Valley），省城哥打吝鲁（Kota Bharu）和瓜拉丁加奴（Kuala Terengganu）3地的马来中产阶级对消费、环保、职业、居民和宗教这5类非政府组织的参与情况为重点分析对象。研究发现，马来中产阶级参与宗教、居民和职业组织的比例高于其他组织。几乎有三分之一的被调查者参与宗教和居民组织；五分之一参与了职业组织；参与其他组织，如消费者组织和环保组织的比例比较低。在大城市和省城，马来中产阶级对非政府组织的参与也有差别。     

非政府组织的勃兴与国际法律秩序的变塑

非政府组织在全球范围的勃兴,给传统的国际法律秩序带来重要影响和挑战,表层上它的活动与国际法诸项环节都发生关联,深层上揭示了全球化时代法治理念、秩序模式的变塑,并在此基础上确立非政府组织的国际法律地位。     

我国非政府组织存在的问题及对策——以维护国家安全和社会稳定为主要视角

非政府组织是我国社会经济发展进程中的一支重要力量,但非政府组织存在的许多显性和隐性问题,在一定程度上影响了国家的政治安全与社会政治稳定。对于非政府组织这样一个既＂新＂又＂旧＂的考察对象,从理论和实践方面厘清一些基本问题,对于我国非政府组织的健康发展,对于处理好非政府组织与政府之间的关系,从而发挥其在构建社会主义和谐社会中的积极作用都具有十分重要的意义。     

智障康复民间组织社区融合中利益双赢模式的构建

社区融合是智障人士社区康复模式中极为重要的指导理念之一.智障康复民间组织因其自身能力的局限性和诸多客观因素的现实影响,其在社区融合过程中往往会存在一定的利益冲突.本文以利益分析为视角,对智障康复民间组织在社区融合过程中的利益冲突及其产生的原因进行分析并提出建议,即建构"利益双赢模式"是实现智障康复民间组织社区融合的必然途径.     

BUREAUCRATS AS PURCHASERS OF HEALTH SERVICES: LIMITATIONS OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR FOR CONTRACTING

Contracting out of health services increasingly involves a new role for governments as purchasers of services. To date, emphasis has been on contractual outcomes and the contracting process, which may benefit from improvements in developing countries, has been understudied. This article uses evidence from wide scale NGO contracting in Pakistan and examines the performance of government purchasers in managing the contracting process; draws comparisons with NGO managed contracting; and identifies purchaser skills needed for contracting NGOs. We found that the contracting process is complex and government purchasers struggled to manage the contracting process despite the provision of well‐designed contracts and guidelines. Weaknesses were seen in three areas: (i) poor capacity for managing tendering; (ii) weak public sector governance resulting in slow processes, low interest and rent seeking pressures; and (iii) mistrust between government and the NGO sector. In comparison parallel contracting ventures managed by large NGOs generally resulted in faster implementation, closer contractual relationships, drew wider participation of NGOs and often provided technical support. Our findings do not dilute the importance of government in contracting but front the case for an independent purchasing agency, for example an experienced NGO, to manage public sector contracts for community based services with the government role instead being one of larger oversight. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non-governmental organisations and the management of HIV and AIDS in refugee camps: A comparison of Marratane Camp in Mozambique and Kakuma Camp in Kenya

In recent years, a number of sub-Saharan African states appear to have placed restrictions on the operations of international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) within their state boundaries. Indeed, some commentators and academics have questioned the role NGOs should play in providing humanitarian aid to refugees and to what extent they are, or should be, involved in the political, cultural, economic and healthcare concerns and agendas of any state. However, the high HIV/AIDS prevalence in refugee camps in sub-Saharan Africa creates negative economic, social, political and security implications for their host states and many states lack the knowledge, experience and funds to manage the problem successfully. Within this context, this article examines and compares the role and effectiveness of two separate NGOs involved since 2001 in HIV/AIDS management programmes in two distinct refugee camps: Save the Children in Marratane Refugee Camp in Mozambique and the International Rescue Committee in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. NGO success in managing HIV/AIDS programmes is analysed according to UNHCR guidelines and specifically against four key aspects of HIVAIDS management; HIV/AIDS awareness, HIV/AIDS prevention, access to HIV healthcare services and the provision of treatment.     

浅析非政府组织在应对全球环境和气候变化问题中的作用

非政府组织在全球环境政治中日益发挥着重要的作用。从斯德哥尔摩到哥本哈根联合国环境大会,非政府组织都是应对全球环境问题与气候变化以及全球气候谈判中独立的和有价值的行为体,并且与国际政府间组织以及国家之间形成了密切的互动关系,而这种互动关系又影响和改变着全球气候谈判的进程,推动着以国家为中心的环境治理模式向多元中心的全球环境治理模式转变。与此同时,非政府组织在全球环境治理中影响的增强也给我国的环境外交提出了挑战,需要我们用新的思路来予以应对。