Predicting law enforcement confidence in going ‘hands-on’: the impact of martial arts training,use-of-force self-efficacy,motivation, and apprehensiveness

ABSTRACT

In law enforcement, there are situations allowing officers to gain control of suspects by going ‘hands-on,’ or physically placing someone in custody beyond simple handcuffing. While much empirical attention is placed on more lethal use-of-force (UOF) measures, little is known about going hands-on. This is concerning considering when force is used, it is almost always with the use of hands, fist or feet only. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine whether martial arts training (MAT) and UOF self-efficacy predict confidence in going hands-on, after accounting for perceived motivation and apprehensiveness. It draws from an online survey, and a non-random subsample of 1,064 un-ranked patrol duty officers in the USA. Results indicate that MAT and high perceived UOF self-efficacy safely predict confidence in going hands-on, even after accounting for perceived motivation and apprehensiveness. Nonetheless, apprehensiveness, but not motivation, remains a strong predictor of not being confident in going hands-on.     

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*当前新媒体对我国政治生态影响的多重效应

当今中国，信息技术的发展使我们进入新媒体时代。新媒体的兴起极大地改变着中国政治生态环境：新媒体不仅成为民意表达与交流的新渠道和平台，而且也成为传递政治“负能量”的新载体。随着时代的发展，新媒体的功能不断延展，并与政治生活的融合愈加紧密。这既给政府治理提出了新的挑战，又提供了新的机遇。