National liberation and the conflicting terms of discourse in South Africa: An interpretation

Abstract

Underlying the moves and countermoves of the current communal conflict in South Africa is a struggle to control the meanings of the key terms of discourse—race, nation, apartheid and socialism—by which the conflict is characterized within and outside the country. Although no definition, therefore, of any of these terms can escape politicization, there is a case, historically and with a view to a negotiated settlement, for having apartheid, the most emotion‐laden of these terms, limited to post‐1948 doctrine and practice. The foundation for a negotiated settlement unaccompanied by overt civil war must be rather detailed agreement, tacit or explicit, on what the end of apartheid means. But if there is to be such agreement, it must be the work of a broad coalition from all of the race/nations acting probably against the desires of two major groups: defenders of the status quo and proponents of revolutionary socialism.     

利用反洗钱网络构筑经济犯罪预警机制

经侦部门的情报信息系统有待于进一步改善。经侦部门要根据经济犯罪的特点,注重经侦基础业务建设,充分利用社会资源,建立以反洗钱网络为中心,金融、税务、海关、工商以及重点公司、企业等多方参与的经济犯罪情报预警机制。     

公共网络绩效研究综述——组织间网络的视角

组织间网络绩效研究致力于考察多个组织之间构成的网络的结构特征、发展过程与绩效，是近些年来包括社会学、政治学、企业管理、公共管理等社会科学学科非常关注的热点研究方向。基于国际学界关于组织间网络绩效测量与解释的研究成果，本文综述了该领域的相关研究进展，特别是对公共网络绩效研究的贡献做了重点述评，考察了公共管理、公共服务、公共治理中的网络绩效问题。结合我国公共网络的实践与研究状况，本文提出了未来需要重点研究的问题及相应的研究议程。     

城市交通流分配的最优化方法

均衡交通流始终是交通流组织工作的重要原则,通过实例重点介绍了交通流分配的最优化方法,为城市宏观上交通流的组织提出了新的思路。     

Measuring party positions and issue salience from media coverage: Discussing and cross-validating new indicators

Recent studies have started to use media data to measure party positions and issue salience. The aim of this article is to compare and cross-validate this alternative approach with the more commonly used party manifestos, expert judgments and mass surveys. To this purpose, we present two methods to generate indicators of party positions and issue salience from media coverage: the core sentence approach and political claims analysis. Our cross-validation shows that with regard to party positions, indicators derived from the media converge with traditionally used measurements from party manifestos, mass surveys and expert judgments, but that salience indicators measure different underlying constructs. We conclude with a discussion of specific research questions for which media data offer potential advantages over more established methods.     

Priming time for Blair? Media priming, Iraq, and leadership evaluations in Britain

Priming is often mentioned in studies of media effects in Britain, yet empirical tests of its extent and nature are lacking; most evidence of priming effects is from the United States. Moreover, research on British elections concludes that the media have little impact on the public’s perceptions of issues, including in the 2005 election. In this paper we argue that priming by the British media has been misconceived and thus not studied adequately. We demonstrate that the issue of the war in Iraq was primed by media coverage in 2005, both as a consequence of the volume of coverage of the issue and its tone. The influence of Iraq was not just long-term, via its impact on confidence in the Labour government or Tony Blair’s reputation, but was also affected by media coverage during the campaign. We also demonstrate that the media’s coverage of Iraq in 2005 influenced voters’ evaluations of Blair by polarizing consumers of the same news. Finally, we find slightly more of an impact of the tone of coverage of Iraq in 2005 but it is moderated by the editorial stance of the newspaper—the editorial stance of British newspapers still seems to matter, suggesting that the dealignment of the British press has not eliminated the influence of reading a newspaper that endorses a party, no matter how qualified that endorsement may be.     

高校学生工作中开展媒介素养教育的必要性与实现路径

在当今全球化、信息化时代,媒介充斥日常生活和学习空间,强烈影响着作为媒介深度使用者和重度关注者的大学生的思想观念、行为模式、文化生活、心理状态等。当前,我国大学生媒介素养缺乏,媒介素养教育作为培养大学生认知与理解媒介,对媒介内容进行分析和批判的同时学会使用媒介的一种方法,在我国高校开展的还比较少,进行媒介素养教育已成为高校学生工作的迫切任务。     

网络集体行动发生机制的探索性研究——以2008年网络事件为例

网络时代的来临使得网络集体行动成为社会科学界研究的一个新焦点。网络集体行动具有不同于传统集体行动的特征:其发生场域是网络公共领域,主体是网络民众,客体是以政府为核心的多元化呈现,主要方式是网民的口头抗议与表达。集体行动发生机制的西方理论解释框架和本土解释模型为网络集体行动的研究提供了良好范本,价值累加理论、建构主义理论取向以及本土解释模型中的怨恨变量、动员变量和理性变量经过适当的调整同样可以解释网络集体行动为何会发生,对2008年的五个网络热点事件的剖析或许可以佐证理论的强大生命力。     

工具、治理、客观实存——政策网络的三个维度

政策网络首先是客观实在,其次是理论分析的工具,再次是作为一种价值判断,才应是公共治理的新模式。因此,政策网络含有三个维度：作为政策运行的客观实在,关系型社会的现实使中国的决策过程存在于＂人格化结构＂非常明显的复杂政策关系网中;作为理论分析的典型范式,考虑个体间博弈、制度规约,建立包括制度、结构、个体博弈要素的政策网络概念模型;作为公共治理的理想状态,协商民主机制的建立健全与公民社会充分发展是其走向现实的必要条件。     

Videos that speak for themselves: when non-extensionists show agricultural videos to large audiences

In 2008, an NGO showed videos about rice to farmers in 19 villages in Benin. A study in 2013 showed that farmers remembered the videos, even after five years had passed. In most of the villages at least some farmers experimented with rice farming or with new technology after the video screenings, which attracted large audiences of community members, including youth and women. Some of the villagers also visited extension agencies to get rice seed, and occasionally to seek more information. Farmers can benefit from agricultural learning videos shown by organisations with little previous agricultural experience. Videos do not necessarily need to be facilitated by an expert who knows the subject. Sometimes the video can speak for itself.