推进新课程改革 提高历史教学的有效性

为推进高中历史的新课程改革,教师要充分理解、接受新课程理念,认真调整教学思维方式与态度;要坚持以学生为主体,逐渐实现教学方式的转变。可以采用联系实际法、对抗式讨论法和小组合作法等合理整合教学方法。同时,还应该注意促进教师的专业发展,以有效提升课程质量。     

“关怀式”审判方式在涉少家事纠纷中的应用——以未成年子女权益保护和健康成长为中心

在家事纠纷案件中,当父母已经陷入权益争执中,谁来保护诉讼主体之外的未成年子女的合法权益？从＂有利于未成年子女健康成长＂的基本原则出发,从庭前关怀、调解关怀、庭审关怀和判后关怀着手,构建出涉少家事纠纷案件＂关怀式＂审判方式的具体程序和方法,以期探索出一种既符合当今普通民事诉讼程序规定,又能切实保护未成年子女合法权益的审判程序与方法。     

“通知-删除”规则的适用局限及出路——以两则新型网络服务提供者案例为切入点

“云服务器”、“小程序”等新型网络服务提供者的出现对版权法中“通知-删除”规则提出了挑战。就法律适用而言,《信息网络传播权保护条例》中的“通知-删除”规则对涉及网络服务提供者版权侵权案件提供了快速解决机制,在适用上具有优先性。从属性上分析,“小程序”属于《条例》所调整的自动接入、传输服务商范畴,而“云服务器”租赁服务不属于《条例》中的四类网络服务,应根据《侵权责任法》第三十六条有关网络服务提供者之规定予以界定。对这两类新型网络服务提供者均无法适用“通知-删除”规则,而应以《侵权责任法》第三十六条下的“通知-必要措施”规则予以调整。“通知-必要措施”规则之适用以注意义务的判定为核心内容。在必要措施的判定上,技术过滤措施是判定新型网络服务提供者是否履行注意义务的重要考量因素。     

Female entrepreneurs and poverty reduction: hair craft SMEs in Tanzania

This study attempts to link poverty alleviation with specific sectors and gender in the context of a developing country, focusing on, female hairstylists in Tanzania. Using the absolute definition of poverty based on income/consumption in relation to specific nationally and internationally defined living standards, the study examined the income and consumption patterns of 230 women engaged in the hairstyling business in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Findings suggest that female entrepreneurs in the business earn more relative to conventionally defined indicators. Their earnings have improved their consumption, investments and savings, and enabled them to fulfil their dependents’ basic needs.     

试析国家安全观的嬗变与新中国军事外交

新中国成立后，中国逐渐形成了以军事、政治安全为主的传统安全观。传统安全观指导下的中国军事外交的对象较为有限，形式和内容较为单一，军事援助的计划性不强，军事安全环境不容乐观，展示军队形象的窗口较为有限。冷战结束后，中国提出要摒弃带有冷战思维的旧安全观，树立新型安全观。新安全观自提出后，对中国军事外交的指导性作用日益加深。同时，军事外交也不断丰富着新安全观的内涵，成为践行新安全观的重要方式。回顾新中国军事外交的发展历程，可谓波澜壮阔、成就辉煌。特别是20世纪90年代以后，中国军事外交不断突破，逐渐形成全方位、宽领域、多层次的良好格局，     

From Affinity to Embedment: Relations between Social Work and the Development of Charity

In recent years, social work and charity have been gradually considered as an important part in developing the social welfare system. The social work in western countries originated in the English and American charity, and was introduced into China by missionaries and church organizations during the period of Republic of China, giving birth to localized social work under the influence of the local charity at that time. Currently, given the lack of attention to their relations in policy making, theory studies and practices, it is crucial to review and examine the development relations in affinity between the social work and charity when originated in the West and in China. Either in the present or in the future, their close relations should not be alienated but built into embedment relations in terms of policy, theory and practices. An integration of their strengths and resources is needed for a win-win promotion of building the general social welfare system in China.     

积极警务下的社会管理创新——以江苏省宿迁市宿城区为个案解析

推进社会管理创新,是适应党所处历史方位的深刻变化、着力提升公安机关维护稳定能力、确保社会和谐稳定的迫切需要。江苏省宿迁市宿城区的社会管理创新实践——＂宿城模式＂,为其它城市和地区进一步开展社会管理创新工作提供了参考。积极警备下基层社会管理创新要从全局上把握社会管理创新的规律性,把维稳放在首位,加强队伍建设、和谐警民关系。     

From compliant to capable: balanced capacity development for local organisations

How to strengthen local capacity through donor-funded projects remains opaque. Using the European Centre for Development Policy Management's core capabilities model to examine a project engaging local organisations, we identify capabilities differentiating performance and gains from project participation. The studied organisations were often weak in capabilities important for successfully working with local governments. Some strengthened capacity, but improvements were concentrated in capabilities related to complying with donors’ requirements rather than capabilities enhancing performance. We question assumptions underlying programme designs based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's donor-country cooperation principles, and offer suggestions for balancing capacity gains to sustain independent local organisations.     

Pro-poor budget analysis of Kenya's free primary education policy

This practical note outlines Concern's approach to pro-poor budget analysis using the case of the Kenya Free Primary Education (FPE) policy. Analysis conducted on the outcomes of the FPE policy for Nairobi's urban slum-based poor suggests that the policy is not being implemented evenly within the city. The reasons stem from poor allocation and planning approaches, to political interference and unwillingness of teachers to work in slum-based schools. These have the unintended effect of increasing inequities for the urban poor, the reverse of the policy intention. The note outlines the pitfalls and practicalities of conducting this type of analysis.     

Improving the effectiveness of Ugandan water user committees

This article outlines issues affecting the functionality of Ugandan water user committees responsible for managing communal water and sanitation (WASH) services. Research undertaken demonstrated that their effectiveness is compromised by poor understanding of their rights and responsibilities by stakeholders within and outside the committees. Following the research, a handbook was produced that explained the rights and responsibilities in a form that is accessible to all community members. Preliminary feedback from committees that have used the handbook suggests that it has the potential to improve the functionality of the water user committees, thereby helping to improve the local management of WASH services in Uganda.