试析国家安全观的嬗变与新中国军事外交

新中国成立后，中国逐渐形成了以军事、政治安全为主的传统安全观。传统安全观指导下的中国军事外交的对象较为有限，形式和内容较为单一，军事援助的计划性不强，军事安全环境不容乐观，展示军队形象的窗口较为有限。冷战结束后，中国提出要摒弃带有冷战思维的旧安全观，树立新型安全观。新安全观自提出后，对中国军事外交的指导性作用日益加深。同时，军事外交也不断丰富着新安全观的内涵，成为践行新安全观的重要方式。回顾新中国军事外交的发展历程，可谓波澜壮阔、成就辉煌。特别是20世纪90年代以后，中国军事外交不断突破，逐渐形成全方位、宽领域、多层次的良好格局，     

From Affinity to Embedment: Relations between Social Work and the Development of Charity

In recent years, social work and charity have been gradually considered as an important part in developing the social welfare system. The social work in western countries originated in the English and American charity, and was introduced into China by missionaries and church organizations during the period of Republic of China, giving birth to localized social work under the influence of the local charity at that time. Currently, given the lack of attention to their relations in policy making, theory studies and practices, it is crucial to review and examine the development relations in affinity between the social work and charity when originated in the West and in China. Either in the present or in the future, their close relations should not be alienated but built into embedment relations in terms of policy, theory and practices. An integration of their strengths and resources is needed for a win-win promotion of building the general social welfare system in China.     

积极警务下的社会管理创新——以江苏省宿迁市宿城区为个案解析

推进社会管理创新,是适应党所处历史方位的深刻变化、着力提升公安机关维护稳定能力、确保社会和谐稳定的迫切需要。江苏省宿迁市宿城区的社会管理创新实践——＂宿城模式＂,为其它城市和地区进一步开展社会管理创新工作提供了参考。积极警备下基层社会管理创新要从全局上把握社会管理创新的规律性,把维稳放在首位,加强队伍建设、和谐警民关系。     

From compliant to capable: balanced capacity development for local organisations

How to strengthen local capacity through donor-funded projects remains opaque. Using the European Centre for Development Policy Management's core capabilities model to examine a project engaging local organisations, we identify capabilities differentiating performance and gains from project participation. The studied organisations were often weak in capabilities important for successfully working with local governments. Some strengthened capacity, but improvements were concentrated in capabilities related to complying with donors’ requirements rather than capabilities enhancing performance. We question assumptions underlying programme designs based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's donor-country cooperation principles, and offer suggestions for balancing capacity gains to sustain independent local organisations.     

Pro-poor budget analysis of Kenya's free primary education policy

This practical note outlines Concern's approach to pro-poor budget analysis using the case of the Kenya Free Primary Education (FPE) policy. Analysis conducted on the outcomes of the FPE policy for Nairobi's urban slum-based poor suggests that the policy is not being implemented evenly within the city. The reasons stem from poor allocation and planning approaches, to political interference and unwillingness of teachers to work in slum-based schools. These have the unintended effect of increasing inequities for the urban poor, the reverse of the policy intention. The note outlines the pitfalls and practicalities of conducting this type of analysis.     

Improving the effectiveness of Ugandan water user committees

This article outlines issues affecting the functionality of Ugandan water user committees responsible for managing communal water and sanitation (WASH) services. Research undertaken demonstrated that their effectiveness is compromised by poor understanding of their rights and responsibilities by stakeholders within and outside the committees. Following the research, a handbook was produced that explained the rights and responsibilities in a form that is accessible to all community members. Preliminary feedback from committees that have used the handbook suggests that it has the potential to improve the functionality of the water user committees, thereby helping to improve the local management of WASH services in Uganda.     

Harvested rainwater: quality,adequacy, and proximity in Ghanaian rural communities

This article presents a study that aimed to assess the accessibility, use, and quality of harvested rainwater in three rural communities in Ghana where the government of Ghana and local and international development organisations have sponsored domestic rainwater harvesting. The results showed that rainwater storage facilities were within the recommended distance of 1000m from each house. The amount of rainwater per person per day was below the recommended amount. The majority of the respondents therefore depended on other sources of water. Though the physico-chemical quality of rainwater met the WHO guideline limit for drinking water, the bacteriological quality did not. The majority of common water-associated infections experienced prior to the project have not been experienced after the project.     

When development breeds contempt: case examples of community-driven health systems initiatives

This article discusses case examples of community-led initiatives triggered by the introduction of an external development programme in Senegal and Mali. These are community initiatives that learn from projects initiated and funded by an external donor organisation, and transform interventions to better meet their own needs. The circumstances leading to the demand for, and successful establishment of, health infrastructure are examined to understand the triggers. These breakthroughs demonstrate unintended benefits of development, and the need to leverage donor-led initiatives. Therefore, community involvement, participation, and empowerment are key in establishing local ownership in development projects.     

Social construction of capabilities and intersectional complexities in a Tamil village

India is an ethnographic museum, well-known for its national motto of “unity in diversity”. It is a country of diverse hierarchies where the social reality is intersected by the varied grades of caste and class, among others. Against this backdrop, this article conceptualises the intersections of primordial identities. The concept of intersection underscores how diverse social positions interact in a Tamil village in India. As intersectionality is “the mutually constitutive relations among social identities” (Shields 2008), the interactions of caste, class, and gender in education are conceptualised to understand the formation of capabilities.     

中国知识产权法院的愿景及其实现路径

中国知识产权专业审判组织的建构始自20世纪90年代,知识产权法院是其自然延伸。设立知识产权法院有诸多理由,如促进司法统一、提高程序效率、强化知识产权保护、树立良好国际形象、试点司法改革等,但并不能从理性上由此得出知识产权法院具有必然性的结论。因而,知识产权法院是综合政策的结果。知识产权法院在我国应定位于专门法院,其建立与完善是一个长期的过程。有必要借鉴域外知识产权法院的经验,并结合现实国情,建立有中国特色的知识产权法院制度。知识产权法院的建设还应置于司法改革的背景下,在司法体制、机制以及知识产权特别程序制度方面进行探索,为全面的司法改革积累经验。