Intellectual property laws integrated with the national development policies in China

As a developing country, China has been pressured by the developed countries to increase the levels of intellectual property (IP) protection and to adopt IP rules that even go beyond the minimum international standards. IP regimes are established to promote advances in science and culture by rewarding creation and invention. However, developing countries do not necessarily appropriately share the benefits from the harmonization of IP protection standards over the world. Fortunately, not every developed country or international organization is concerned only with its own interest when evaluating the tendency of international IP protection policies. In fact, they have made many studies or findings in favor of the concerns and interests of developing countries. This paper investigates the conflicts between IP rights and human rights, as well as the validity of IP laws under constitutional arguments, with the purpose of providing new strategic policy arguments in China’s future amendments to IP laws, and related negotiations with developed countries. __________ Translated from Faxue Yanjiu 法学研究 (Law Research), 2005, (6): 105–115     

论模拟现场勘查教学

长期以来受“应试教育”的影响,模拟现场勘查教学的功能未得到全面实现,加之各种投入不足,其发展进程缓慢。在重视素质教育的今天,其落后面貌已显露出来。应从教学组织,教学过程,教学方法和成绩评定等方面对其进行改革。     

论罪犯心理矫治工作的组织和实施

随着心理矫治工作的推广,越来越多受命组织和实施心理矫治的监狱干警,急迫需要了解组织和实施心理矫治工作的具体做法。在指导监狱开展心理矫治的实践经验基础上,提出组织和实施心理矫治必须做好六个方面工作。     

新农村建设中农村合作金融组织创新若干法律问题研究

农村金融是农村经济发展的关键。农村合作金融组织是符合我国农村经济现实的一种有效的金融机制,是农村金融体系的核心内容和重要基石。在新农村建设中,合作金融组织在促进农村经济的发展、构建农村和谐社会中发挥积极作用的同时,也日益暴露出诸多问题和矛盾。合作金融组织的创新和发展问题需要在认识和分析这些问题的基础上通过制度创新加以解决。     

加入WTO农村犯罪预防与控制之我见

入世后,我国农产品市场份额锐减,相当数量的乡镇企业倒闭,大量农村人口迁移,西方文化进一步渗透到农村文化领域,将进一步加剧农村犯罪增长的压力。公安机关要增强政权意识,强化动态管理,坚持打防并举,改革派出所勤务制度,正确处理新时期农村社会人民内部矛盾,以促进我国农村社会的稳定。     

The Making of the Inter-American Democratic Charter: A Case of Complex Multilateralism

This article examines the diplomatic process found in the making of the Inter-American Democratic Charter. Many components of this dynamic point to a significant bending of the "old" pattern of multilateralism associated with the Organization of American States (OAS). The normative purpose behind the charter centered on the collective right to democracy as opposed to the traditional defense of sovereignty. The pattern of involvement contained some parallels with initiatives considered the prototypes of a "new" multilateralism, namely the campaigns against antipersonnel land mines and for an International Criminal Court. That is to say it featured an intense style and a "bottom-up" diplomacy with extensive engagement by secondary states and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Notwithstanding these features, the multilateralism in the making of the Inter-American Charter is depicted as not simply "new" but complex. Stimulated by the 2000 political crisis located in that country, leadership on the charter came from Peru not a classic middle power. The United States was not the maker of the charter but neither was it an opponent or breaker of the initiative. The early burst of speed slowed when resistance appeared from a cluster of states. Serious splits appeared among NGOs involved with the charter process on a north/south basis. To nuance the claims of "new" multilateralism is not to discount the conceptual or (as witnessed by its use in the April 2002 crisis in Venezuela) operational significance of the charter. The argument made in this article, however, is that it was this hybrid nature of the initiative that contributed to its claims of innovation and measure of success.     

新世纪 新机遇 新发展--兼论邓小平的机遇思想

历史上 ,中华民族曾四次痛失发展机遇 ,其教训是深刻的。在新世纪 ,我们迎来了加入世贸组织这一新的发展机遇。但是 ,机遇与挑战并存 ,我们不能盲目乐观。要实现中华民族的大发展 ,就必须以邓小平的机遇思想为指导 ,抓好机遇 ,用好机遇。     

民主政治的产业组织与政治企业家理论

以Hotelling-Downs传统为基础的政治竞争的投票模型忽视了民主政治的复杂结构。本文在Tullock自然垄断特许权竞标的民主模型、Niskanen官僚政治模型以及Weingast-Marshall立法委员会组织模型基础上分析民主政治的产业组织。由于存在不完全信息和不完全契约以及较高的交易成本等所导致的政治市场的内在无效率,民主政治的产业组织为政治企业家提供了策略性活动的空间。政治企业家的策略性活动有助于理解经济政策的制定和制度变迁的过程。研究民主政治的产业组织将为探索内生于政治过程的政治企业家理论提供一条可行的路径。     

非营利组织绩效评估的问题及对策分析

绩效评估是我国非营利组织健康发展的必要组成部分,但由于历史和现实的原因,我国的非营利组织的绩效评估还存在着一些困难,不能适应非营利组织蓬勃发展的需要,所以应该从组织"硬件"和观念"软件"两方面入手,找寻一条适合我国非营利组织特点的绩效评估之路。     

国际组织的自主性行为:两种理论视角及其比较

20世纪60、70年代曾经出现过一次国际组织的研究浪潮。通过大量的案例分析,一些学者发现了国际组织具有不受其成员国意志掌控的自主性行为这一经验现象。冷战结束后,随着经济全球化的突飞猛进和国际组织治理任务的日益增多,针对国际组织的自主性行为这一经验现象,学者们运用了委托-代理理论和社会学制度主义两种分析工具对其进行了学理解析。本文对委托-代理模式和社会学制度主义在国际组织自主性行为的发生基础、行为动力和实践表现等问题上的主要观点进行了梳理和概述,并对两种理论视角进行了简要的比较。文章指出,委托-代理模式对国际组织的行为偏好认识不足,社会学制度主义对外部环境压力对国际组织的影响有所忽视,在对具体问题的分析中,需要将两种理论视角有机地结合起来,这样才能更加全面、深刻地认识和理解国际组织自主性行为的根源和本质。