Trade, Harmonization, and Domestic Autonomy in Environmental Policy

This article evaluates the environmental criticisms of free trade that have been such an important part of the critique of globalization. The first section briefly surveys the range of criticisms environmentalists have brought against the new economic order. The second section examines the available literature on the race to the bottom, one of the key concerns. The third section analyzes the World Trade Organization trade rules and how they have been interpreted by dispute resolution panels involving environmental issues. The fourth section turns to the specific rules of the North American Free Trade Agreement and examines several case studies of environmental issues in that region. The final section provides a summary evaluation of the environmental criticisms. The article argues that the environmental criticisms are exaggerated. Trade agreements leave far more room for domestic environmental measures than is frequently argued. The political globalization of the environmental movement has helped counter the threat to environmental policy created by the economic and trade aspects of globalization. Environmentalists do need to be careful about how they advance this critique of globalization, however, because their arguments risk becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.     

WTO与中国实验动物福利保护制度体系的构建

WTO对中国实验动物福利保护法律制度的构建提出了新的要求。中国目前的实验动物福利保护制度虽然存在与WTO规则接轨的众多障碍性因素,但也存在与WTO规则接轨的基本条件。为了进一步促进我国实验动物贸易的自由化和国际化,应借鉴国外的成熟立法经验,构建与WTO规则接轨的符合中国国情的实验动物福利保护制度体系。     

西部地区农村公共安全应急管理组织的无缝隙再造

新时期西部地区农村公共安全应急管理任务的加重,使得公共安全应急管理组织建设的意义凸显。当前西部地区农村公共安全应急管理组织在组织结构、组织决策与执行体制和组织技术上存在明显的不足,极不利于西部农村公共安全应急管理。无缝隙政府理论为西部地区农村公共安全应急管理组织的再造提供了一条思路。按照无缝隙政府理论的要求,实现西部地区农村公共安全应急管理组织的无缝隙再造应从建立综合性公共安全应急管理部门、构建分权化的公共安全应急管理决策与执行体制和构建公共安全信息网络入手。     

体面劳动在中国

国际劳工组织自1999年提出"体面劳动"的理念后,一直在全球推行体面劳动。体面劳动所涵盖的内容既是国际劳工组织的战略目标,也是中国一直致力于实现的目标。     

我国事业单位非营利组织化改革的冷思考

在我国目前理论界,有关学者将非营利组织作为我国事业单位改革的首选目标模式。但是,从对改革的理论准备、宏观环境、事业单位的复杂性、非营利组织自身的“失灵”以及事业单位与非营利组织性质的不对称等方面的分析来看,我国事业单位非营利组织化这一目标模式并不是当前推进事业单位改革的最佳选择,因此,我们必须对我国事业单位改革的发展方向重新加以审视。     

Global democracy in a society of peoples

This paper explores the political structures suitable for the realization of John Rawls’ The Law of Peoples (1999). In particular, it explores whether Rawls’ principles and fundamental foundations recommend establishing global institutions and, if so, whether, and in what sense, these institutions should be democratic. It is often suggested, either implicitly or explicitly, that The Law of Peoples would operate through the bilateral and multilateral interactions of, ideally conceived, nation-states. This paper argues, on the contrary, that it would advise a series of democratic global institutions. The case is developed with respect to the idea of a global institution with the remit of regulating international trade and applied, in the contemporary context, to the World Trade Organization (WTO).     

Globalization,International Organizations,and Telecommunications

Since the 1990s over 158 countries established pro‐market reforms in telecommunications—a fast pace for such a drastic change. For example, Sweden and Botswana, two nations vastly different across multiple dimensions, both liberalized their telecom sectors. Why did so many countries adopt liberal reforms in such a short period of time? Conventional wisdom highlights the role of global markets and technology, powerful states, global diffusion, and domestic politics. I argue that contrary to these claims, diffusion through key international organizations is the critical and overlooked factor in explaining rapid global convergence of pro‐market telecom reforms. Using an original dataset for 189 countries between 1970 and 2003 and event history analysis, I demonstrate that membership in key liberal trading organizations, especially the WTO and the OECD, increases the likelihood that countries will adopt liberal pro‐market reforms in telecommunications. These results speak directly to current public policy debates about the reregulation of global markets and bridges the literatures of policy diffusion, institutional design, and regulatory regimes.     

竞争法国际协调的法经济学分析

竞争法国际协调从性质上属于国际立法,国家是竞争法国际协调的主要参与者,国家的经济人特性以及缺乏一个超国家的立法机构的背景使得竞争国际立法与国内立法在立法目的、立法动力、立法路径与具体内容设置等方面都表现出很大的不同。竞争法的传统理论并不能当然套用到对竞争法国际协调行为的分析中去。从法经济学角度可以对竞争法国际协调的基本特征作重新解读。     

入世后我国外贸代理制运作法律环境之分析

依据我国的承诺,我国将逐渐取消对外贸权的限制,以登记制代替许可制,这意味着我国现行的外贸代理制赖以存在的基础已经发生根本性变化,建立在自由市场经济基础上的外贸代理制将成为发展方向,依据世贸组织的规则,参照相关国际代理公约,废除外贸代理方面的一些行政规章,完善我国民法关于代理制度的规定,制定有关代理的特别立法,将是我国外贸代理制度改革的主要方法.     

县辖市问题的宪法评价与政区优化

在城镇化进程中,出现了建立县辖市或者镇级市的制度设想和某些实践,但其可行性受到质疑。从《宪法》的规范体系上看,如果按照政区间的管辖关系,县辖市或者镇级市难以获得成立依据。但是,《宪法》中的"市"和"镇"可以从城市功能的层面予以理解,由此,二者的制度鸿沟并非不可跨域。县辖市是基于城市化程度而给予某些地区以特定经济社会管理权限的政区载体,实质上是具有城市功能的小微型城市,是设在县以下政区层级上的市。县辖市有助于解决地方经济社会发展需要与制度供给的不平衡问题,能够完善城市类型,发挥城市公共生活的民主训练功能。以县辖市为切入点,我国的行政区划体系存在进一步调整和优化的必要和空间。未来,我国省以下政区的优化方向应当是简化层次、融合城乡、促进联动,形成三级区划体系。