Viet Nam’s No-Win Game

正Recent days have witnessed serious violence against foreign investors and businesses in Viet Nam,under the guise of anti-China protests.Victims included investors from China’s mainland,Hong Kong and Taiwan,Singapore and South Korea.A rampage of arson,destruction and looting in and around factories has led to casualties and loss of property.These riots have affected Viet Nam’s international image,     

法治中国建设视阈下的合议庭制度改革探究

我国法院审判组织包括审判委员会、合议庭和独任审判员。合议庭制度改革,是每一轮司法改革中都会涉及的领域。但是,由于外部环境和配套机制的制约,合议庭制度改革虽然看上去在不断进行和深化,而实际上总是未能完全实现所追求的独立、公平、民主、专业的让审理者裁判、由裁判者负责的目标,审者不判、判者不审等审判行政化以及合而不议、陪而不审等合议庭形合实独、权责不明等问题依然普遍。因此,如何结合我国法院的改革实践,探讨出一些我国合议庭制度改革的建议就显得尤为重要。     

公司社会责任及其体系化设计的法学思考——以我国公司法的完善为视角

公司社会责任不能等同于企业社会责任。从法律层面或法学学科方面研究公司社会责任应立足于法律化的公司社会责任。法律化的公司社会责任可划分为广义的公司社会责任和狭义的公司社会责任、公司基本的社会责任和上市公司的社会责任。法律化的公司社会责任应在公司法上实现体系化．即公司法总则设置针对所有公司的社会责任条款,公司法分则设置专门针对上市公司社会责任的条款。     

The irresponsible criminal in Norwegian medico-legal discourse

This article discusses discourses on criminal responsibility in Norway in the 19th and 20th centuries, in light of Michel Foucault's regimes of power and knowledge: the apparatuses of law, discipline and security. The passing of two criminal codes, in 1842 and 1902 marks a development from neo-classical law to a law influenced by positivist criminology. In these consecutive ways of thinking law, the figure of the irresponsible criminal constituted a contentious issue. From being a figure marking the limits of the law, the irresponsible criminal became an object to be disciplined and a security threat. This redefinition of criminal responsibility created or was created by new groups of experts speaking from positions increasingly close to the criminals. The most important professional group was of course the psychiatrists, that emerged in Norway as a distinct professional group in the second half of the 19th century, and whose influence in the legislative process culminated in the 1920s.     

Psychiatrists,criminals, and the law: Forensic psychiatry in Switzerland 1850–1950

Between 1880 and 1950, Swiss psychiatrists established themselves as experts in criminal courts. In this period, the judicial authorities required psychiatric testimonies in a rising number of cases. As a result, more offenders than ever before were declared mentally deficient and, eventually, sent to psychiatric asylums. Psychiatrists also enhanced their authority as experts at the political level. From the very beginning, they got involved in the preparatory works for a nationwide criminal code. In this article, I argue that these trends toward medicalization of crime were due to incremental processes, rather than spectacular institutional changes. In fact, Swiss psychiatrists gained recognition as experts due to their daily interactions with judges, public prosecutors, and legal counsels. At the same time, the spread of medical expertise had serious repercussions on psychiatric institutions. From 1942 onwards, asylums had to deal with a growing number of “criminal psychopaths,” which affected ward discipline and put psychiatry's therapeutic efficiency into question. The defensive way in which Swiss psychiatrists reacted to this predicament was crucial to the further development of forensic psychiatry. For the most part, it accounts for the subdiscipline's remarkable lack of specialization until the 1990s.     

Forensic psychiatric units in Italy from the 1960s to the present

This article addresses the long-standing continuities in the history of the Italian forensic psychiatric units and views them as the result of conflicting forces, interests, mentalities and strategies at the cross-road of forensic psychiatry, psychiatry, prison and health services. It focuses on the period from the 1960s to the present and deals with, among other issues, the long-term impact of the anti-asylum movements and the on-going debate on the ‘phasing out’ of the forensic psychiatric units.     

从罪刑均衡到罪责刑相适应——兼论刑法中“人”的消隐与凸显

刑法理论发展史上,经由刑事古典学派与刑事实证学派的对立纷争,罪刑关系经历了从罪刑均衡到"人"刑对应的演绎脉络。我国当代刑法理论确定罪责刑相适应原则,藉由刑事责任论的建构和充实,较为完美地实现了罪刑关系范畴中行为考察和行为人评价的统一。梳理从罪刑均衡到罪责刑相适应的发展历程,可以看出,伴随刑法理论的发展,犯罪人逐渐实现从消隐到凸显的地位变迁。当代刑法学的发展方向,应是日益重视行为人主体地位的确立和人格特征的评价。以此为视角,我国刑法学应从理论上更加重视主观因素和行为人因素的植入,在实践中更加关注行为人人身危险性的评价和犯罪恶性的改造。     

检察机关自行补充侦查制度研究

在退回补充侦查制度已经出现了实体功能有限、程序功能异化以及衍生检警矛盾等诸多流弊的情况下,学界仍然致力于进一步完善这一制度的理论构建,始终忽略了自行补充侦查所具有的理论与实践上的价值,原因在于我们对检察机关自行补充侦查的认识存在偏差。自行补充侦查并非旨在为公安机关的侦查提供"帮手",而是需要强调其"监督者"与"引导者"的角色。对于完善补充侦查制度来说,检察机关自行补充侦查具有关键意义,更重要的是,自行补充侦查制度亦为检察官客观义务的履行、审判中心主义的刑事司法制度改革以及当前检警关系的改善所必需。     

A ‘synchronised attack’ on life: the Saudi-led coalition’s ‘hidden and holistic’ genocide in Yemen and the shared responsibility of the US and UK

Abstract

Since the Saudi-led coalition (Coalition) began its military campaign in Yemen in March 2015, upwards of 13,000 Yemen civilians have been killed, including nearly 2000 women and 3000 children. Additionally, Coalition aerial attacks have intentionally targeted Yemen’s civilian infrastructure, economic infrastructure, medical facilities and cultural heritage. Combined with the ongoing air and naval blockade, which has impeded the ability of Yemenis to access clean water, food, fuel and health services, the violence visited upon Yemen has created near-famine conditions. Furthermore, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) predicts another imminent outbreak of cholera, with the potential to be as deadly as last year’s which infected more than one million children and killed a child every 10?minutes. Through engagement with genocide studies literature, this article applies a holistic conception of genocide to the Coalition military campaign. It finds that the Coalition is conducting an ongoing campaign of genocide by a ‘synchronised attack’ on all aspects of life in Yemen, one that is only possible with the complicity of the United States and United Kingdom.     

对下调法定最低刑责年龄的省思

此次刑法修正案(十一)对最低刑事责任年龄进行下调,可以在很大程度上避免一部分已满12周岁未满14周岁的未成年人倚仗法律保护肆意实施危害行为的"钻法律之空子"的情况发生,能够有效提升法律的威慑力,使公众免受"12岁恶魔"的伤害。在作为调整对象的低龄未成年人一侧,最低刑责年龄的下调意味着他们必须为自己的不法行为承担责任、付出代价。戴上这只法律"金箍"的未成年人将不得不在法律的框架内保持自身行为的检点合法。当然,虽然法律对最低刑事责任年龄进行了下调,但犯罪未成年人仍然需要在"教育为主、惩罚为辅"的矫治环境中得到救赎,既不能"一放了之",也不能"一关了之"[1]。在"疏"与"堵"并行的同时加强相关法律制度的衔接,使低龄未成年人可以在一个相对完善的制度设计中树立起对法律以及他人权益的敬畏之心。