Connecting research and practice: Perspectives on the role of manualized programs in youth work

While there is a strong movement in favor of the use of manual-based programs in the arena of social care, there is a view that such programs are not applicable in the more fluid setting of youth work, which operates informally, using dynamic and organic methods. A critical pedagogical approach to youth work engages young people by encouraging them to become inquisitive, to question why things are the way they are and to pose problems through which they can learn. For some, manualized or evidence-based programs are not seen as having a role in such contexts. However, to date, the international debate in relation to this issue has been limited by an absence of published studies focusing specifically on strategies to implement evidence-informed practice in youth work contexts. This article aims to address this gap in the literature. The Irish national youth organization Foróige, which works with more than 56,000 young people in Ireland on an annual basis, has developed a range of manualized evidence-informed resources to support its youth work over recent years. Drawing on research findings from a range of studies conducted with youth workers focusing on implementation of these resources, the article explores the benefits and tensions associated with the use of program manuals in a youth work context. The findings suggest that such resources have a valuable role to play in youth work if designed in collaboration with youth workers, showing respect for core youth work values and allowing for flexibility and adaptability in implementation.     

Simplified Direct PCR Method for Reference Buccal Samples Using a Non-FTA Card by Omitting the Pretreatment Step

When using non-FTA cards in commercial multiplex STR kits for direct PCR, pretreatment steps with specific buffers are recommended. Here, we designed a rapid direct PCR method utilizing a non-FTA card, Oral Cell Sampling Kit, by omitting the pretreatment step involving Prep-n-Go™ Buffer, and it showed compatibility with the GlobalFiler™ Express PCR Amplification Kit, GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit, and PowerPlex^® Fusion system. To optimize the PCR conditions, we tested the method with different final PCR volumes and cycles. Finally, we conducted a performance test using 50 Korean buccal samples and confirmed the high performance of the method, detecting more than 90% of the samples with full profiles when using GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit and PowerPlex^® Fusion system at 29 cycles in a 10 μL final PCR volume. Thus, we report a simple direct PCR set-up to analyze reference samples collected using a non-FTA card manufactured in Korea.     

以科技侦查推动侦查模式的根本变革

现代社会,犯罪数量持续高发,犯罪类型不断衍生,犯罪手段不断升级,犯罪活动方式不断变化,给侦查工作带来了许多新的挑战。如果仍然以“人证为主”的侦查模式作为侦查工作的主导模式,必然导致侦查成本成倍增加,破案率大幅下降。侦查模式由“人证”向“物证”的转变势在必行。在实现刑事侦查模式的转化中,现代科学技术在实现现代“物证”的司法证明中发挥了巨大的作用。科学技术能客观、及时地提供科学证据,在未来的司法活动中将大显身手。     

辨认结论的证据资格和证明力探讨

辨认结论具有客观性、关联性及合法性,应具有证据资格;辨认结论的证明力应通过辨认结论的可靠性、关联程度等方面进行考量.根据辨识主体的不同,辨认结论应归入证人证言、被害人陈述、犯罪嫌疑人供述与辩解.单一的辨认结论不能作为定案的唯一根据.     

刑事审判中运用品格证据质疑证人的可信性

品格证据在质疑证人可信性的刑事审判中具有很大的运用空间.人类长期的观察和经验表明,人类行为具有重复性和模式化的特征,因此判断证人行为的一个重要标志就是证人的品格.品格证据是指能够证明某些诉讼参与人品格或品格特征的证据,关涉到某人的道德品质和是非评价,应用到司法实践中,就是通过运用品格证据证明证人是否具有可信性来佐证案件的其他证据,帮助法官查明案情,准确断案,保障诉讼活动公平、公正地进行.     

不同消毒方式对现场DNA检出影响研究

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒敏感的消毒方式对于常见现场生物物证如血、脱落细胞的检出影响,探索在疫情期间现场勘查、实验室检验及尸体解剖前后的合理消毒方式.方法 采用《消毒剂使用指南》推荐的几种不同浓度化学消毒剂和紫外线照射等方式,对常量的血、口腔拭子和稀释的血、唾液斑进行作用后的样本DNA检出情况进行对比.结果 常用消毒方式对...     

DNase-Ⅰ纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA

目的研究脱氧核糖核酸酶I(DNase-I)纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA的方法在法医学中的应用。方法收集79份性犯罪案件混合斑检材,分别用DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法和差异裂解法提取精子DNA,采用STR荧光标记复合扩增体系进行16个STR基因座分型,并比较检验结果。结果应用DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法提取精子DNA,64例检材分型成功;应用差异裂解法提取精子DNA,57例检材分型成功;两种方法比较结果存在显著性差异(P=0.039),DNase-1纯化结合碱性裂解法提取精子DNA的STR分型成功率更高,成本低廉。结论DNase-I纯化结合碱性裂解法提取混合斑精子DNA可提高检验成功率,操作简便,快速,易于自动化,适于法医学个体识别鉴定。     

论被告人承担证明责任的不适用性

证明责任不同于举证负担。无罪推定原则、不被强迫自证其罪原则以及刑事诉讼结构的特点决定了被告人承担证明责任的不适用性。但被告人在一定情形下有举证负担。     

民事诉讼司法认知对象范围探讨

司法认知是世界上许多国家证据法上所普遍适用的就某些特定的案件事实由法官直接加以确认 ,从而免除当事人举证责任的一种诉讼规则。我国关于司法认知的立法与研究同外国相比差距较大 ,在民事诉讼中如何客观地界定司法认知的对象范围 ,尚需深入研究。笔者认为 ,民事诉讼司法认知对象有事实和法律两方面。事实范围包括众所周知的事实、司法事实、政府事实、易于获知的事实 ;法律范围包括本国法、国际条约和惯例、外国法。     

习惯法的刑事司法适用：举证与审查

习惯法之刑事实体机能的挖掘,最终是为其进入刑事司法操作开辟道路。本文的理论意图在于,对习惯法在刑事司法操作中可能面临的具体难题予以探讨。文章着重分析了习惯法的举证与审查问题。对前一问题而言,文章首先剖析了习惯法作为“事实”的性格,由此确立了其作为待证对象的地位。其次,文章结合习惯法在整体犯罪论结构中的不同角色和作用,分而治之地探讨了其举证责任的分配机理。就后一问题而言,文章主要从审查的必要、内容、标准等几个侧面入手,进行了讨论。其中,特别突出了民事上“公序良俗”原则之于习惯法刑事司法审查的重要意义。