Youth organizations,citizenship, and guidelines for tourism in the wake of mass tourism in Finland

This paper will study tourism as a site of citizenship formation with a particular focus on the arrangements and lived practices of citizenship in the Finnish Youth Organization and in a sub-section of Northern Ostrobothnian Travel Club between 1965 and 1985. From the perspective of the model of citizenship in Finland, modern mass tourism was not unproblematic and it was uniquely incorporated in the program and activities of the Finnish Youth Organization, underlining the wider social and civic utility of tourism. In this paper, the examination of archive materials from this particular historical period will provide a nuanced understanding of the mutual formation of citizenship and tourism at multiple geographical scales and insight into how the model of citizenship has been of great importance for mobile people in many ways.     

Politics of power and hierarchies of citizenship in Angola

This article discusses citizenship and belonging with reference to processes of post-war state formation, namely: the MPLA’s political hegemony and the centralisation of power in the presidency. It argues this political arrangement imposes upon individuals an oscillation between different ‘levels’ or hierarchies of citizenship with a tendency towards marginalisation, formally allowing them to access both but under the specific circumstances dictated by the MPLA party state. Without a strong political opposition with a plausible alternative citizenship doctrine and with little incentives to improve the terms of citizenship it provides to the population, the Angolan government constructed a system of interests whereby the MPLA functions as a gatekeeper. Both in control of the state and of the distribution of citizenship, the regime regulates the flow of resources to the bottom through strategies of poverty and dependency, which increase the distance between the state and the population and sponsors the marginalisation of the majority.     

Organizational Citizenship Levels of Physicians in Public Hospitals

The aim of this study is to define organizational citizenship levels of physicians working in public hospitals. The population of the study consists of the physicians employed in the hospitals run by the Ministry of Health in Istanbul. The Organizational Citizenship Level Scale was used for the collection of data. It was found that the participants’ organizational citizenship levels were the highest in the “conscience” subsection and the lowest in the “praising the organization” subsection. Findings of this study provide clear information for the decision-makers and hospital managers in developing working conditions of physicians in public hospitals.     

Unpacking the Presumed Statelessness of Rohingyas1

ABSTRACT

The decades-old Rohingya problem, which has affected Myanmar and other Southeast Asia countries, has long been defined in terms of forced migration, statelessness, and humanitarian crisis. As the problems involving Rohingya refugees, forced migrants, and internally displaced persons are commonly believed to have stemmed from the highly discriminatory 1982 Citizenship Law, international advocacy has focused on amending or repealing the law as the ultimate solution. Despite the law's several discriminatory provisions, this article argues that the real problem primarily lies in a lack of implementation by successive Myanmar governments and the Rohingya's arbitrary deprivation of the right to nationality and citizenship documentation.     

从委托—代理理论出发浅析基层警察行为管理

基层警察作为公共安全产品的直接生产者,其行为对公共安全产品的产出有着重大影响。委托—代理理论是博弈论的一个重要的应用分支,以委托—代理理论为研究框架,揭示社会公众与民警间的间接委托关系,并分析其中高代理成本产生的原因,主张通过尽职激励和敬业激励契约来引导和管理代理人的行为。     

国外“人员一组织”匹配研究述评

随着社会组织创新管理思路，提倡“以人为本”的管理理念，人员在组织的成长和发展过程中所起的作用愈加凸显。如何为组织甄选合适的人才，使人员和组织之间达到最优匹配，已成为学界讨论的热点问题。本文着眼于国外研究成果，从人员进入组织阶段、人员与组织的社会化实践阶段、人员与组织长期磨合形成的结果这三个层面对国外“人员一组织”匹配研究进行梳理分析，并就国外“人员一组织”匹配研究做了一个小结，以期对我国“人员一组织”匹配研究提供借鉴。     

中国政府执行行为动力机制构成的实证分析——以湖北省为例

政府执行行为动力机制是政府执行行为维持、运作与演变的内在力量源泉。当今西方公共管理主流理论有关政府行为动力机制的核心理论前提是所谓"自利经济人"假设,政府工作人员一切公务行为的唯一动机就是追求个人利益的最大化;公共利益不构成政府执行行为的动机前提。本文实证分析表明,当前中国各级政府执行行为已经形成了以"公共性价值取向"价值因子为导向与核心,以"公共性利益因素"、"机关外部动力因素"、"制度因素"等三类政府执行行为影响因素为主要内外影响因子,密切相关、内在稳定的一个主流动力机制功能体系。不过,这一体系并没有完全排斥个体性利益与价值追求。中国政府执行行为动力机制的制度化、规范化水平有待进一步提升。     

运输毒品罪行为的主要类型与刑罚适用

运输毒品行为具有独立性,其在行为方式上体现的社会危害性与走私、贩卖、制造毒品的社会危害性有明显差异.因此,不宜将运输毒品和走私、贩卖、制造毒品规定在一个选择性罪名中.运输毒品行为自身的复杂性,决定了对运输毒品行为进行分类研究的必要性,这不仅符合量刑规范化的要求,而且也是刑法罪刑均衡的具体体现.     

吸食注射毒品行为非犯罪化探析

2006年3月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚》第七十二条第三款将吸食、注射毒品的行为以法律的形式确定为违法行为予以治安行政处罚。站在坚持吸食、注射毒品非犯罪化的立场,对该类行为从犯罪学的角度进行综合考察、借鉴恢复性司法理念,对吸食、注射毒品者在采取非刑罚处罚的基础上,如何施以人性关怀、力求为减少和控制吸食、注射毒品行为略陈管见。     

外交哲学的四个基本变量及实证分析

外交哲学的四个基本变量是实力、利益、观念与行为,其中实力、利益与现念都是自变量,行为是因变量。自变量决定因变量,实力、利益与观念分别作用并共同决定行为。同时,三个自变量之间还存在着相互作用的互动关系。