The impact of state weakness on citizenship a case study of Kyrgyzstan

This article, using contemporary Kyrgyzstan as a case study, examines how state weakness is both reflected and reinforced at the citizens' level. Based upon field research conducted in April and May 2007, we discuss three hypotheses. First, the inability of the state to provide essential goods and services and has deterred citizens' willingness to fulfill their responsibilities such as paying taxes, respecting the laws, and serving in the army. Second, citizens have lost trust in their regime; some directly confront the state by joining demonstrations, strikes, and other protest activities. Finally, state weakness has negatively influenced the feeling of collective membership and reinforced sub-national identities. Declining loyalty is particularly evident among the citizens who have left the country in the prospect of better employment abroad.     

The Trouble with David Goodhart's Britain

This article argues that David Goodhart's manifesto for 'progressive nationalism' is gravely misconceived, indicative of the entire cohesion and integration agenda. What he talks about as the making of a common culture involves dusting off tired traditions, scaling back individual rights to protect the 'common good', and ultimately retreating onto safe ground for Middle England. Since such measures to strengthen national solidarity are responsive only to the anxieties of the demographic majority, those who are deemed to be most prone to social marginalisation continue to be so. Goodhart, like many in New Labour's orbit, chooses to ignore that belonging is reciprocal.
The article advocates an alternative culture of citizenship - one that widens democratisation, brings individuals them into the political process and thereby engages the 'reciprocity of belonging' that the post-7/7 consensus neglects. To build a cohesive Britain, the first step - but not necessarily the last - is to conceive sustainable routes towards social and political inclusion for all.     

基金会资助绩效何以提升?——基于信任理论的多案例研究

【问题】基金会资助正日益成为我国草根公益组织继政府购买服务和社会捐赠之外的重要资金来源。资助关系建立的前提是组织间信任,但目前人们对于信任如何影响基金会资助绩效这一问题还所知甚少。【方法】基于信任理论,对国内3家资助型基金会展开多案例研究,借助质性研究工具NVivo进行资料分析了基金会与资助对象之间信任关系建立的影响因素,以及行为策略及对资助绩效的影响。【发现】(1)基金会与资助对象之间的信任建立受特征因素、过程因素及纽带因素的影响。不同因素的作用程度与基金会选择的资助形式有关。特征因素在公开招募方式中作用更突出,纽带因素与过程因素在推荐制和定向邀请中作用更明显。(2)不同的信任前因会影响基金会资助行为策略选择。对于特征因素建立的信任,基金会偏好采用契约行为;对于纽带因素建立的信任,基金会偏好采取关系行为;对于过程因素建立的信任,基金会则倾向双措并举。(3)在资助过程中,基金会综合运用契约行为和关系行为有利于促进项目目标实现、合作意愿强化及伙伴能力提升。【贡献】研究不仅从理论角度丰富了基金会相关研究,拓宽了组织间信任的研究领域;还从实践角度为基金会实现有效资助以及草根公益组织获得基金会资助提供了行动参考。     

解码药家鑫犯罪行为心理

研究犯罪行为不能脱离行为人特定的成长经历和案发情境。药家鑫童年阶段不当的家庭教育方式致其人格缺陷,深夜的突发事件使其在极度恐惧中心态失衡,情绪冲动模式下随身携带的刀具和夜幕无形中为其杀人提供了条件。快速的数刀动作,不是因为恐惧,也不是所谓的＂弹钢琴强迫行为＂,而是潜意识中无法抑制的愤怒情绪的瞬间爆发与宣泄。类似杀人的攻击行为有其产生、维持、控制、引起或者触发的内在机制,正确理解和把握这些对于侦查破案和犯罪防控都有重要的意义。     

‘Paz,progreso, justicia y honradez’: law and citizenship in Alta Verapaz during the regime of Jorge Ubico⋆

Prospects for the ‘rule of law’ in the present are shaped by historical experiences of law by elite and non‐elite groups in the past. In this article I explore changing conceptions and practices of‘rights’and‘justice’as expressed in the legal and administrative encounters between indigenous people and state officials during the regime of Jorge Ubico (1931–1944). The extension of the state's coercive and administrative apparatus to remote rural areas, new legislation and changes in public administration transformed relations between working people, coffee fmqueros and the state in Guatemala. This implied new obligations and exactions for Mayans, but also provided them with new opportunities to contest and negotiate their conditions. Indigenous people strategically engaged with the law to contest the terms of their domination by elite actors and to mediate conflicts between themselves. As state ideologies of‘moral behaviour’led to increasing regulation of the private sphere, this was particularly important in the case of conflicts over gendered rights and obligations. Although formally excluded from the category of citizens, indigenous people used the official language and discourse of citizenship to further their claims, in turn reshaping Guatemalan nation‐state.     

整体性治理模式的组织创新

创新政府治理模式，形成各种有效的管理与协调机制一直是政府和学界非常关注的问题，也是各国政府改革的方向。政府治理模式的创新必然导致组织的创新。在西方，随着信息化、数字化技术的普遍使用，已经兴起了与信息时代相适应的政府治理新模式，即整体性治理，该模式的组织创新主要体现在以协同为特征的组织形态、以结果为导向的组织目标和以整合为核心的运作机制，同时强调官僚制的组织结构基础。这对于中国的行政改革具有非常重要的借鉴意义。     

电子政务、市民特征与用户信息行为——基于天津市市民调查的实证研究

电子政务如何更好地满足不同用户的需求,业已成为当前中国电子政务研究的重点方向。在理论上,本研究首先将中国电子政务的所有服务分为三大类:"电子学习""电子行政"和"电子参与",然后对用户的性别、年龄、教育背景、职业等个人特征与其信息行为偏好之间的相关关系提出了一系列理论假设;在实证上,于2006年进行了针对天津市城市居民政府网站使用情况的问卷调查,对中国电子政务的用户特征及其信息行为偏好之间一系列理论假设进行了检验。实证研究表明,用户对政府网站服务功能的选择性使用所呈现的差异,是由用户身份特征的差异性和政府网站建设的局限性两个方面决定的。根据研究结论,提出了一系列提高政府网站的使用率、减少网络用户为获得政府信息和服务所需的时间和精力的投入、提高登录政府网站用户的满意度等方面的政策建议。     

流动人口生育意愿的变迁及其影响

基于北京、上海、宁波、东莞、长沙五市所作关于流动人口生育意愿的问卷调查表明,流动人口生育意愿的内部变化不同步,期望子女数的变迁相对较快,性别偏好与生育动机变迁相对迟缓.生育上的男孩偏好与传宗接代、养儿防老观依然重要,并对生育行为产生影响.流动人口社会保障方面与当地居民的差距,使其缺乏自觉实行计划生育的有效支撑.     

现代性视野中的平等——一种政治哲学的分析

现代意义上平等的产生是一个历史的事件.平等的历程一旦启动,平等就会自我强化、自我增殖.社会发展对平等理念不断反反复复地渗透、传播、强化与使用,使得平等理念往往被人们当作天经地义、不可解释、不需理由的终极真理而接受.在现代性视野中,结合社会现实的发展,可以将平等划分为公民地位的平等、机会的平等以及对弱势者平等生存权利的保障三种形式.平等的有效实施将会极大地促进社会的发展与和谐.     

建设和谐社会过程中地方政府代理行为偏差的分析

本文在委托─代理理论的框架内分析了地方政府的代理行为,指出地方政府官员对控制权回报的追求以及地方官员工作绩效的选择性显示,会导致地方政府过分关注辖区经济规模的快速扩张,偏离建设和谐社会所要求的综合发展目标。为了减轻地方政府代理行为的偏差,本文提出了加强地方人大建设、推进政务公开和建立科学的地方政府官员绩效评价体系等建议。