Citizenship Capital

ABSTRACT

This article examines the citizenship dimension of transnational inequalities. It is clear that some citizenships offer great advantages while others are liabilities for the individual, and the aim of this present article is to develop a conceptualisation of citizenship and inequality, in order to be able to assess and compare them. For this purpose, elements of Pierre Bourdieu's sociology are utilized. The argument is that citizenship can be thought of as a form of capital in this Bourdieusian sense – that is, as a resource with which individuals are more or less endowed, and which impacts on people's transnational social positions, their capacities for action, their strategies and perceptions. The main contribution is to develop this idea, which is referred to as “citizenship capital”. Its usefulness is demonstrated by considering its interaction with economic capital for shaping positions in transnational social space.     

Deliberative citizenship: a critical reappraisal

ABSTRACT

The study of citizenship as a political or moral ideal involves identifying core commitments and capabilities, the cultivation and exercise of which is often presented as a condition of being a ‘good’ citizen. Deliberative democracy was, at least until recently, associated with a conception of citizenship that endorses those qualities that equip us for a certain kind of respectful and reflective dialogue. This article reappraises this conception in light of the so-called ‘systemic turn’ within deliberative theory. It shows how systems thinking has displaced the traditional conception of deliberative citizenship, but that theorists have so far not elaborated a satisfactory replacement. A pluralist model is thus proposed, which casts light on the diverse qualities that a range of actors in a deliberative system might require. The resulting argument is not merely of interest to deliberative theorists, but to all who are concerned with the ethics of citizenship. The main reason is that it displaces the entrenched notion of a ‘good citizen’, in favour of the more heterogenous ideal of a ‘good citizenry’.     

涉数据竞争行为正当性的判定标准分析

数字经济背景下的竞争很大程度上依托于数据的积累和应用,而平台数据具有牵一发而动全身的特点,在其商业模式的影响下,互联网平台经营者之间围绕数据的获取和使用等行为产生了利益冲突。由于我国尚未确立数据相关的权利,现有司法裁判中通常寻诸《反不正当竞争法》第二条进行规制。虽然此举是目前相对可取的模式,但实务中的正当性判定仍存在利益分配不平衡的情况,同时,一般条款亦存在适用边界不明晰的问题。因此,需要对现有司法判定方式进行局部调整,将审视“搭便车”行为、关注消费者利益和市场效果作为改进的一般原则,把相关市场界定和比例原则作为具体操作思路,再从多元视角分配利益格局,以进一步完善涉数据竞争行为的正当性判定标准。     

公共应急体系下中国红十字会组织力建设研究

在国家公共应急管理体系中,中国红十字会的地位和作用比较突出,它既是国际红十字运动的成员国组织,又是中国党和政府在人道服务领域中的独特助手。作为一个复杂组织系统,从其权力垂直分层看,中国红十字会在中国政治体制中的垂直定位具有法定性、历史性和继承性,这不仅体现在国际红十字与红新月运动和各国红十字会之间的历史关系定位,还体现在中国红十字会同党和政府之间的责任纽带关系。因此,中国政治体制性质规定了中国特色红十字会的政治组织力。但是,在复杂系统中的组织应急张力,即组织联盟力、执行力和社会动员力等扁平向度的技术管理能力却因机制问题降低了它应对应急事件的执行能力。为此,应着力增强组织自我革新力,创新社会力量参与应急管理联动机制,拓展公共应急联盟共享空间,满足复杂系统对应急组织能力建设的需要。     

Determinants of Performance in Government: Focusing on the Effect of Organizational Politics and Conflicts in Organizations

Conflicts and politics in organizations are common in both the public and private sectors. However, there are few comprehensive studies regarding the relationship between politics, conflicts, and outcomes in the public sector. Therefore, this study sought to empirically explore the relationships between organizational performance, organizational conflicts, and organizational politics in the public sector. To analyze the effects of organizational politics and conflicts on performance in government organizations, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. The results indicated that organizational politics and relationship conflicts negatively affect organizational performance.     

Effective citizenship in the cracks of neocorporatism

Citizenship is increasingly investigated not just in terms of rights and duties, but as contentious, evolving and continuously forged anew. This article analyzes an Israeli High Court ruling from 2007 to show how a liberal, human rights-based discourse enabled effective citizenship within neocorporatist frameworks for those outside the formal political community. The ruling, which extended Israeli labor law to Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, marks the breakdown of neocorporatism’s fundamental premise of congruence between labor force participation and participation in the political sphere, which engenders new opportunities for rejecting subjecthood and demanding inclusion. This marks a new development in the balance between the conflicting imperatives of economic inclusion and political exclusion in Israel’s relations with the Palestinians, and legitimizes practices of citizenship where formal political space is denied. It is not yet the ‘de-nationalizing’ of the state, but may be a step in decoupling effective citizenship from national belonging.     

沉默权的分类与选择

沉默权从不同标准出发主要可以分为绝对的沉默权和相对的沉默权、行为意义上的沉默权和结果意义上的沉默权、明示的沉默权和默示的沉默权、显性和沉默权和隐性的沉默权以及审讯沉默权和审判沉默权。我国事实上已经确立了结果意义上的、默示的、隐性的、相对的沉默权制度。在现阶段没有必要引进行为意义上的、明示的、显性的审讯沉默权制度。     

政府的“三种能力”:情境认知、组织调适与社会治理

政府组织的功能之一就是实施对社会的管理,而政府管理可以分析出三个要素,即管理环境、管理主体与管理客体.从这一理论视角切入,政府组织的能力就体现在三个方面:一是基于管理环境视角的"情境认知能力",它是政府组织直面环境变化与应对环境挑战的一种能力:二是基于管理主体视角的"组织调适能力",它体现在"适应、控制与变化"的三个环节中:三是基于管理客体视角的"社会治理能力",它体现在政府作用于客体及其社会价值实现的过程中.     

网民网上行为特征简析

上网是如今相当部分青年人生活的重要内容.本文主要从网民上网目的、经常查阅的信息,使用的网络服务功能等方面概述了网民的网上行为特征,提出了今后需要加强研究的问题.     

抽象行政行为的司法监督机制之建立

目前我国对抽象行政行为的监督只有非诉监督,但随着抽象行政行为的逐渐增多,非诉监督机制难以有效地发挥其作用,以致抽象行政行为违法实施的现象日趋严重,因此,法院审查抽象行政行为势在必行。宜将纳入诉讼范围的抽象行政行为界定为规章以下规范性文件,且有必要提高相应的法院管辖级别;在国家赔偿方面,应体现“国家被动提供救济”的原则。