From Top-Down to Trickle-Up Influence: Revisiting Assumptions About the Family in Political Socialization

A growing number of theorists are calling for a revival of research on political socialization based on the premise that children are active in their own civic development. We advance this argument a step further by proposing a model of family communication that reverses the roles of parents and children as conventionally understood in political socialization. Adolescent children are not merely receptive to political stimulation; they possess the power to transform patterns of family communication in ways that benefit themselves and their parents. We first challenge a series of interrelated assumptions about the nature and direction of influence in the family. We then document evidence of "trickle-up influence," in which child-initiated discussion--stimulated by a civics curriculum--prompts the parent to increase her civic competence via increased news media use, knowledge gain, and opinion formation. The parent's response reflects her desire to maintain a leadership role in the family, and more important from a theoretical perspective, it reveals the intrinsic forces of family adaptation that can make the home a powerful incubator of citizenship. Political growth occurs when the family system adjusts to reestablish equilibrium in response to exogenous factors or developmental needs that propel change. The ultimate purpose of this essay is to propose a functional model of family political communication. We apply theoretical perspectives from developmental literature to illustrate how political communication serves the family goals of autonomy and cohesion during various stages of the family life cycle.     

Immeasurable Pleasure and Meaningful Imperfection: Raising Good Citizens in a Bad State

Previous research has shown that a party's election results can depend on visibility and tone in the media. Using daily content data from the major news bulletins and daily survey data from the 2007 national election campaign in Denmark (N = 5,083), our analysis improves upon two central aspects of this earlier research. First, the effects on vote choice of the parties' visibility and tone in the media are studied concurrently in the same model. Second, a distinction is made between the effects of direct exposure to specific news content and the effects of the cumulative information environment created by the media. Overall, it is found that the more visible and the more positive the tone toward a given party is, the more voters are inclined to vote for this party. The effects are primarily effects of the information environment, not effects of direct exposure, though undecided voters are also directly affected. In the discussion, central conditions for the strength of media effects are identified.     

沉默权的分类与选择

沉默权从不同标准出发主要可以分为绝对的沉默权和相对的沉默权、行为意义上的沉默权和结果意义上的沉默权、明示的沉默权和默示的沉默权、显性和沉默权和隐性的沉默权以及审讯沉默权和审判沉默权。我国事实上已经确立了结果意义上的、默示的、隐性的、相对的沉默权制度。在现阶段没有必要引进行为意义上的、明示的、显性的审讯沉默权制度。     

政府的“三种能力”:情境认知、组织调适与社会治理

政府组织的功能之一就是实施对社会的管理,而政府管理可以分析出三个要素,即管理环境、管理主体与管理客体.从这一理论视角切入,政府组织的能力就体现在三个方面:一是基于管理环境视角的"情境认知能力",它是政府组织直面环境变化与应对环境挑战的一种能力:二是基于管理主体视角的"组织调适能力",它体现在"适应、控制与变化"的三个环节中:三是基于管理客体视角的"社会治理能力",它体现在政府作用于客体及其社会价值实现的过程中.     

网民网上行为特征简析

上网是如今相当部分青年人生活的重要内容.本文主要从网民上网目的、经常查阅的信息,使用的网络服务功能等方面概述了网民的网上行为特征,提出了今后需要加强研究的问题.     

抽象行政行为的司法监督机制之建立

目前我国对抽象行政行为的监督只有非诉监督,但随着抽象行政行为的逐渐增多,非诉监督机制难以有效地发挥其作用,以致抽象行政行为违法实施的现象日趋严重,因此,法院审查抽象行政行为势在必行。宜将纳入诉讼范围的抽象行政行为界定为规章以下规范性文件,且有必要提高相应的法院管辖级别;在国家赔偿方面,应体现“国家被动提供救济”的原则。     

国际组织的自主性行为:两种理论视角及其比较

20世纪60、70年代曾经出现过一次国际组织的研究浪潮。通过大量的案例分析,一些学者发现了国际组织具有不受其成员国意志掌控的自主性行为这一经验现象。冷战结束后,随着经济全球化的突飞猛进和国际组织治理任务的日益增多,针对国际组织的自主性行为这一经验现象,学者们运用了委托-代理理论和社会学制度主义两种分析工具对其进行了学理解析。本文对委托-代理模式和社会学制度主义在国际组织自主性行为的发生基础、行为动力和实践表现等问题上的主要观点进行了梳理和概述,并对两种理论视角进行了简要的比较。文章指出,委托-代理模式对国际组织的行为偏好认识不足,社会学制度主义对外部环境压力对国际组织的影响有所忽视,在对具体问题的分析中,需要将两种理论视角有机地结合起来,这样才能更加全面、深刻地认识和理解国际组织自主性行为的根源和本质。     

试论网络对组织沟通行为的影响

21世纪的今天已进入了网络传播的信息化时代,信息化时代对信息的需求量空前增大,人类通过网络传播将非常容易地获取到所需要的重要信息。网络所涵盖领域已经从信息咨询领域逐渐辐射到科学技术、大众传播、生活方式等相关领域,它作为人类信息沟通的一种新工具对人与人之间的沟通行为产生了巨大而深远的影响。     

A union of gender equality and pragmatic patriarchy: international marriages and citizenship laws in Singapore

As a patriarchal society, government policies, societal norms and government regulations in Singapore mirror that normative ideal. Citizenship status and rights along gender lines, manifested in the legal recognition of children of international marriages, reflected this reality for much of Singapore's independence. However, the onslaught of globalization, the rise in international marriages, disconcerting declining birth rates, and an acceptance of ‘foreign talent’ have given the economic imperative and demographic impulse to grant citizenship (by descent) to a person born outside Singapore whose father or mother is a citizen of Singapore, by birth, registration or descent. Previously, such a person would be granted citizenship only if his/her father was a Singapore citizen by birth. This paper examines the background and contextual realities leading to the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2004. It argues that the landmark constitutional amendment was motivated by pragmatic considerations of demography, economics, and political governance. The paper contends that state sovereignty, while seemingly challenged by international marriages, is still preserved rather than negated. It suggests that the state's ideological apparatus vis-à-vis the family is adaptable, enabling the continued institutional influence, if not control, over the family as the basic building block of Singapore society.     

公务员创新行为:文献述评与研究展望

创新行为俨然成为公务员适应新时代高素质干部队伍建设要求的典型行为模式,以及公共部门适应职能转变和服务再造要求的内生动力。本研究基于对已有研究的系统梳理与深入分析,构建了一个系统的公务员创新行为研究框架。本研究从公私部门成员创新行为差异及争议切入,围绕公务员创新行为的概念内涵、多层次影响因素及复杂作用机制进行系统回顾并展开评述,呈现新制度主义理论、自我决定理论等在公务员创新行为塑造中的深层逻辑。在此基础上,本研究展望未来方向:(1)以回应跨国文化背景、科层制组织特征、现实工作场景实现公务员创新的情境化研究;(2)在新时代中国场景中实现公务员创新行为的量表开发、跨层次系统性形成机理探索;(3)拓展公务员创新行为的效能机制研究,实现微观层面行为创新与中观层面组织创新、宏观层面政策创新的呼应衔接。