交通事故机动车驾驶人鉴定特点研究

遵循系统科学的原则,将交通事故机动车驾驶人鉴定作为一个体系来研究。机动车驾驶人鉴定的对象虽然是人,但应充分考虑人与车、人与路以及人与整个事故现场之间的关系,既要研究驾驶人自身,也要研究其反映形象以及相关的事实和现象。通过对事故现场、车辆、衣着、人体等要素进行观察和分析,尤其是对各要素之间的关联性和动态性分析,提出了综合鉴定机动车驾驶人的方法。     

相声艺术的群落认同及文化想象

传统相声艺术作为民间文化中笑的艺术,其快乐的本质是一种伦理幸福,也是中国传统文化对相声进行渗透、提升的结果。面对新生意识形态的文化认同构成解放后＂舞台＂新相声的基本艺术冲动,＂家-国想象＂是舞台时代相声艺术实现成功认同的核心机制。进入上世纪90年代,相声在＂回归剧场＂中开始重建多元认同。当前,电视情景喜剧不仅实现了相声在消费时代的＂日常认同再生产＂,更重要的是为相声艺术的产业发展提供了驱动性的媒介经济新框架。     

简论心理资本构念对我国人力资源管理的启示

心理资本构念作为积极组织行为学的一个核心概念,已经被国内外许多学者认可和接受,其对组织绩效的影响比经济资本、人力资本及社会资本更具影响力。深入研究员工的心理资本将是未来人力资源管理的趋势。开发和管理员工的心理资本将是企业人力资源管理的重点,是企业成功经营的关键,促进企业与员工实现双赢。     

A Comparison of US and Japanese Dental Restorative Care Present on Service Members Recovered from the WWII Era

The documentation of dental materials used in the USA during the WWII era is readily available, while references for the Japanese are minimal. It was therefore important to build a photographic database of Japanese restorative care which could be utilized as a comparison tool for the deployed odontologist. The dental restorative care of approximately 400 US and 100 Japanese sets of remains was evaluated. Both countries share many similar restorative techniques to include collared crowns, full‐coverage restorations, cantilever bridge/pontics to close spaces; restorative materials such as amalgam, gold, and zinc phosphate (temporary) restorations; and removable prostheses. The dental restorative materials most commonly used by US dentists include the amalgam and silicate cement, while the full‐coverage crown was the type of restoration most frequently seen on the Japanese remains. Silicates, porcelain and replaceable crowns, and partial‐coverage prepared crowns were not observed on the recovered Japanese remains.     

马克思的时代观:研究时代发展变革规律性的科学方法——兼论时代构成基础、时代中心问题、时代发展道路

经济现代化和全球化是世界经济发展的中心和主线。随着科学技术革命及其产业化创新发展,世界经济现代化和全球化的不同发展阶段,不仅具有相互区别的特殊内容和特殊形式,形成不同的时代构成基础,而且产生不同的时代中心问题,形成不同的时代发展道路。马克思以机器大工业开创的世界历史与生产和消费的世界性为基础,不仅确立了从世界体系性质和全球战略思维上来认识时代问题的科学方法,而且通过对经济现代化与全球化的运行机理及其发展规律与历史趋势的研究,建立了与时俱进的时代发展理论,形成始终站在时代前列的科学时代观和科学方法论。当今世界经济现代化与全球化已经进入知识经济型现代化与多元集成型资本全球化的新阶段,形成了以知识创新型现代化发展方式根本转型为中心与全球化结构升级重组为主线的大发展大变革大调整。认真学习和科学运用马克思时代观的基本原理和科学方法,深入研究当今世界经济现代化与全球化的新内容新形式和发展规律,建立时代构成基础、时代中心问题、时代发展道路三位一体的时代发展理论,对于实现马克思主义当代化的创新发展,积极推进新世纪和平发展和共同繁荣的和谐世界建设,具有重大的现实意义。     

Hyperostosis frontalis interna as an age-related phenomenon – Differences between males and females and possible use in identification

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a condition manifested by thickening of the inner surface of the frontal bone and it could be useful when dealing with the identification of human remains in various anthropological and forensic investigations. We compared the macroscopic appearance and morphologic (metric) features of the skulls in cases with and without HFI, in both sexes, and wanted to establish whether age determined occurrence of HFI. To achieve this aim, we performed prospective autopsy study, covering ten-year period (2007–2016). Study group consisted of southeast Europe Caucasian subjects, with determined age and sex. The severity of HFI was classified by two forensic pathologists independently, according to the four types (A–D) proposed by Hershkovitz et al. Thicknesses of the frontal and temporal bones, as well as the longitudinal and frontal diameters of the skulls were measured. The sample consisted of 35 males and 112 females with HFI, and 55 males and 202 females without HFI (404 individuals in total). Type B was the most common type of HFI among males (45%) and type C among females (41%). HFI type D was almost four times more common in females than in males (OR?=?3.73). Frontal and temporal bones were thicker in all subjects who have HFI. Thickness of the skull was not age-dependent, in the entire sample, or in subjects with HFI, or in the control group (in all the cases Spearman's Rho was <0.3). Age seemed to be a predicting factor for HFI occurrence only in females. Females younger than 55?years have similar risk for HFI occurrence as males. An unidentified skull with the general markers of old age and severe form HFI is most probably from a female decedent.     

Normative challenges of identification in the Internet of Things: Privacy,profiling, discrimination,and the GDPR

In the Internet of Things (IoT), identification and access control technologies provide essential infrastructure to link data between a user's devices with unique identities, and provide seamless and linked up services. At the same time, profiling methods based on linked records can reveal unexpected details about users' identity and private life, which can conflict with privacy rights and lead to economic, social, and other forms of discriminatory treatment. A balance must be struck between identification and access control required for the IoT to function and user rights to privacy and identity. Striking this balance is not an easy task because of weaknesses in cybersecurity and anonymisation techniques. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), set to come into force in May 2018, may provide essential guidance to achieve a fair balance between the interests of IoT providers and users. Through a review of academic and policy literature, this paper maps the inherent tension between privacy and identifiability in the IoT. It focuses on four challenges: (1) profiling, inference, and discrimination; (2) control and context-sensitive sharing of identity; (3) consent and uncertainty; and (4) honesty, trust, and transparency. The paper will then examine the extent to which several standards defined in the GDPR will provide meaningful protection for privacy and control over identity for users of IoT. The paper concludes that in order to minimise the privacy impact of the conflicts between data protection principles and identification in the IoT, GDPR standards urgently require further specification and implementation into the design and deployment of IoT technologies.     

GC和GC/MS技术在毒品来源推断中的应用

目的应用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,定性、定量分析毒品案例,推断毒品来源。方法采用GC/MS法定性分析毒品样品中的主成分、痕量杂质、掺假剂和稀释剂,并选择GC/FID和外标法定量分析上述各组分,通过定性和定量数据的统计比对,并用SPSS10.0数据统计分析软件对分组结果进行验证,推断毒品样品之间来源的区别与联系。结果用GC/MS定性分析、GC/FID定量分析和SPSS10.0数据统计分析软件将12个案件的毒品按来源分成7组,其中1、6、7、11号样品和10A、10B样品分成两组,2、3、5、9号样品各成一组,4号和8号样品分成一组。上述12起案件的毒品来源分析和比对结果,经送检部门反馈的破案信息证明,与案件的真实情况十分吻合。结论应用GC/MS、GC/FID技术分析毒品,可准确推断毒品来源。     

制备抗人精液特异蛋白P30血清的研究

作者以精浆特异蛋白P30为抗原免疫新西兰白兔、豚鼠和鸡三种实验动物,制备了抗P30血清。用双向琼脂扩散法检测兔和豚鼠的抗 P30血清,其特异性和敏感性均达到目前国外同类产品的水平。抗 P30血清与阴道分泌物,血清、唾液、尿液、初乳以及羊精液、鸡精液均不出现交叉反应。用抗 P30血清检测混合的人精浆,其抗原效价为1:160;P30含量可测到12.5ug/ml。在三种动物的抗血清中,豚鼠抗 P30血清的抗体效价最高。以不同浓度的 P30测豚鼠、兔和鸡抗 P30血清抗体效价豚鼠平均滴度可达52.50,兔次之,鸡的抗 P30血清最差。经作者制备的抗 P30血清可用来确证精液。     

Footwear-to-feet examination and analysis: Comparing worn footwear to persons and human remains

Footwear-to-feet examination and analysis refers to the process of examining and analyzing footwear in regard to criminal matters. This examination and analysis has been done to include or exclude an individual as the wearer of the footwear in question and to help associate or disassociate human remains to footwear. This review of the subject describes its investigative applications, the research that underpins the process, and considers its legal admissibility. The process of footwear-to-feet examination and analysis is scientifically valid and has been widely accepted. As a result, law enforcement and forensic scientists should be aware of the use of this process to assist in criminal investigations.