Schmorl's nodes in an American military population: frequency, formation, and etiology

This research investigates the frequency of Schmorl's nodes in differing populations, with new data from a skeletal sample from the Central Identification Laboratory (CIL) at the Joint Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Accounting Command, while also reviewing the etiology of Schmorl's node formation. Processes implicated in Schmorl's node formation include trauma, old age, disease, intrinsic abnormalities, and biomechanical factors, and they correlate with Schmorl's node formation to varying degrees. A survey of research from the anthropology and medical literature revealed Schmorl's node population frequencies ranging from 8 to 80%. The current study consists of two samples, one derived from CIL case reports and one analyzing skeletal remains. The case report sample yielded a Schmorl's node frequency of 19.8%. The examined sample yielded a frequency of 73.7%. The disparate frequencies reported are likely due mainly to differences in completeness and observability. It is likely that trauma was a major factor in the formation of Schmorl's nodes in the CIL study.     

政府绩效视角下的行政管理体制改革战略反思——基于地方政府公务员的感知调查

改革开放以来,我国行政管理体制改革一直坚持以组织结构调整为主的模式.对于这一模式的影响,尤其对地方政府的影响,一直缺少科学层面的检验和理论层面的反思.本文选取政府绩效作为标杆,利用地方政府公务员的问卷调查数据,探索政府部门间关系和部门管理制度建设影响部门绩效的路径和程度,使用结构方程模型实证检验了行政管理体制改革战略在地方层面的有效性.结果表明,部门间关系作为政府结构的核心特征对于政府绩效并没有直接的影响作用,其影响作用是通过部门制度建设和部门文化间接发挥的;部门制度建设对政府绩效的整体影响要大于部门间关系.因此,在今后的改革中应该给予管理制度层面的改革更多的重视,通过局部的、具体制度的改革为整体的、基本制度的变革创造条件.同时,还应在改革过程中维护政府组织文化的凝聚力和激励性.     

同一认定视角下侦查错案的成因与防范对策

侦查阶段错案产生的原因很多,当前理论界和实务界都在积极地从各种不同的角度探索避免或减少错案的对策。侦查破案的过程实际上就是一个同一认定的过程,同一认定出现错误会直接影响侦查结论,致使侦查错案的发生。因此,需要从同一认定这个角度来考察侦查错案产生的原因,并试图从加强信息化基础建设、规范物证鉴定、完善证据体系等方面提出防范错案的相关对策。在同一认定视角下对侦查错案进行研究会有更直观的现实意义。     

上海公安文职人员组织文化建设探析

越来越多的管理实践表明,在提升员工绩效、激励员工、留住优秀人才等方面,除了依靠充分的物质因素作为保障之外,塑造和谐、健康的组织文化也是至关重要的。由于用工性质的特殊性,公安文职人员容易产生归属感薄弱、边缘人心态等问题,因此,了解文职人员的思想状况,重视精神激励,加强组织文化建设是非常必要的。     

专家证人模式与司法鉴定模式之比较

专家证人模式与司法鉴定模式是英美法系和大陆法系在解决专门性事实问题上两种不同的模式。两者在法律文化基础、有关专家的诉讼地位和资格、程序启动、质证、证据能力和证明力上都有很大的不同。然而,由于两种模式都存在其固有的缺陷,近年来各国都在进行相应的改革,出现了相互融合和借鉴的趋势。     

“划一”与“创新”的制度困境及其消解以组织理论的视角审视现代西方社会制度的变革

制度创新有其必然性。西方技术理性的片面化发展,使社会政治制度也陷于标准化的技术理性控制之下,最终表现为制度创新与技术理性标准化的冲突,并导致组织冲突的形成与发展。而组织冲突的消解将最终依赖于制度创新,实现制度创新则应该以所有制关系变革为前提。     

Effects of university characteristics on scientists’ interactions with the private sector: an exploratory assessment

This paper estimates the effect of select university characteristics on the propensity of individual scientists to interact with private sector companies. The academic prestige of an institution has a direct negative effect on scientists’ interactions with the private sector, while the level of industrial R&D expenditures has a direct positive effect on such interactions. Institutional characteristics also moderate the effect of some individual-level variables such as tenure status, grant activity, involvement with students and disciplinary effects.      

关于效率、精简的制度分析--我国政府机构改革的激励约束机制探析

效率、精简是政府机构改革的核心目标,但从建国以来政府机构改革的后续性效果来看,效率、精简的局面往往只出现于改革的初期.怎样才能保持住政府精简后的高效率,确实是个亟待解决的问题.从分析制度形成、变迁的动因上,尝试构建政府机构改革后的激励约束机制不失为解决问题的一条思路.     

Procedural Justice and Identification with Virtual Teams: The Moderating Role of Face-to-Face Meetings and Geographical Dispersion

We investigated the previously unstudied relationship between procedural justice and identification within virtual teams, with a particular focus on how two features of virtual teams, namely frequency of face-to-face meetings and geographical dispersion, moderate that relationship. We argue that these two variables are sources of uncertainty, which in turn makes virtual team members more sensitive to perceptions of procedural fairness as essential cues in the identification process. In this study, we used cross-sectional survey methodology and data aggregated to the team level (N = 39). As predicted, our results showed that the link between procedural justice and identification was stronger when there were few face-to-face meetings and when teams were highly dispersed.     

Interpretation,confidence and application of the standardised terms: Identified,Probable, Possible,Exclude and Insufficient in forensic odontology identification

Forensic odontology identification scales are used to express certainty of identifications of deceased persons. These standardized scales are assumed to convey unambiguous expert opinions and facilitate communication between forensic odontologists and end users. However, to date no studies have investigated how the experts interpret and use these scales.Forensic odontology identification scales are used to express certainty of identifications of deceased persons. These standardized scales are assumed to convey unambiguous expert opinions and facilitate communication between forensic odontologists and end users. However, to date no studies have investigated how the experts interpret and use these scales.This paper aims to examine the interpretation of the DVISYS forensic identification scale and choices of the levels in the scale subsequent to, and derived from, comparison of pairs of dental radiographs by extending the analysis of the data collected in the study by Page and Lain et. al. 2017.The studied variables: self-reported confidence, forced binary decision of match and non-match, choice of level in the DVISYS scale (Identified, Probable, Possible, Insufficient and Exclude) were further analysed in this study using mixed models for relationships between the choices of level in the identification scale and the fundamental beliefs of likelihood of identification.The results of this further analysis showed that the reported confidence of the decisions was correlated to the difficulty of cases, and as confidence decreased the use of less definitive terms (‘Probable’, ‘Possible’ and ‘Insufficient’) increased. ‘Probable’ and ‘Possible’ were used mainly in underlying beliefs below that of ‘Identified’ whereas ‘Insufficient’ was used mainly to convey a sublevel of ‘Exclude’. The use of ‘Insufficient’ in this study was not consistent with the prescribed definition of the term.The participants of the original study were not aware of the difficulty grading of the cases nor were required to grade them, however the reported confidence was systematically correlated to difficulty. Furthermore, indicated confidence level was correlated with choice of level on the scale in general, but the interpretation of the definition and application of the terms varied.The findings reported here contribute to the foundational knowledge of factors governing the interpretation and application of the DVISYS forensic odontology identification scale and suggest that this scale may need to be modified.