WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协定》附件一（K）款一项的解释与适用——以巴西飞机补贴案为依据

WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协定》附件一（K）款一项是一个颇为复杂和重要的条款,涉及的内容很多,如该款的一般性解释和举证责任问题,“支付的出口商或其他金融机构为获得信贷所产生的全部或部分费用”、“保证在出口信贷方面能获得实质性的优势”、“在出口信贷方面”等措辞的解释与适用问题。在加拿大诉巴西飞机出口资助计划案中,专家组及上诉机构的报告对于澄清上述问题起了重要的作用。     

Fiscal and political determinants of local government involvement in public-private partnership (PPP)

ABSTRACT

In this article, we estimate the main determinants of local government’s engagement in public-private partnership (PPP) projects using logistic panel regression. We use data from 2478 municipalities and cities in Poland from 2009 to 2016. The results show that municipalities with higher levels of indebtedness have a higher probability of opening PPP tenders while local units that are more dependent on central grants or receive more European grants are less engaged in PPP. We also found that the mayors of municipalities and cities with stronger electoral competition engage in PPP with a higher probability. These results are important for discussions on the efficient use of PPP. They show that local government decisions made in conditions of fiscal constraint and political struggle can blur the PPP’s value-for-money aim.     

论中国国际商事仲裁的法律适用问题

我国在认定国际商事仲裁协议的效力时 ,应适用或参照《纽约公约》的规定 ,可仲裁的争议事项范围尚有待扩大。我国一些仲裁机构的仲裁规则也已有限地赋予了当事人对仲裁程序法律适用的选择权 ,“非内国仲裁”理论的某些合理内容 ,我们可以考虑借鉴吸收。我国关于国际商事仲裁实体法的适用 ,以有限制的意思自治原则和最密切联系原则为主 ,但不得违背我国强行法的规定。基于我国国际商事仲裁法律适用的现状 ,仲裁法的修改目标之一应该是使我国至少成为对外商有一定吸引力的一个新兴的国际商事仲裁中心 ,使仲裁程序更加简捷 ,以便利当事人     

服务贸易总协定的主要法律制度分析

服务贸易总协定(GeneralAgreementinTrades,简称GATs)是历史上第一个关于服务贸易的全球性具有法律约束力的多边协议,是国际服务贸易逐步实现自由化的里程碑,它对于消除和降低贸易壁垒,消除服务贸易的垄断,推动国际服务贸易的发展具有十分重要的意义。然而它也只是一个谨慎的阶段性的妥协产物,仍有许多需要明确和完善之处。     

The Implications of Brexit for the Caribbean’s Future Relationship with Britain and the EU

Abstract

The UK Brexit referendum to leave the EU has created concerns internationally, particularly for countries that have formal trade, aid and investment treaties with the EU and none with Britain alone. The notion of a Commonwealth Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is a non-starter and would bring no benefits to the Caribbean. But, Britain outside the EU deprives the Caribbean of a sympathetic voice on a range of issues, including financial services, and alters the level of official development assistance that will be available from remaining EU members that have no historical relationship with the English-speaking Caribbean. The importance of the UK as a market for their goods and services make it imperative for Caribbean countries to start early ‘talks’ with London so as not to be crowded out by FTAs that the UK will conclude with countries larger and richer than the Caribbean. At the same time, Brexit provides an opportunity for the Caribbean to revisit its unsatisfactory Economic Partnership Agreement with the EU. Caribbean countries need to determine their objectives and take early initiatives to realise them.     

Paris (COP21) Agreement: Loss and damage,adaptation and climate finance issues

Climate policy documents are more interesting for what they leave out than what they contain. Using the COP21 negotiating texts, this article analyses the Paris Agreement to determine the good, the bad and the ugly of this ‘landmark’ document regarding loss and damage (L&D), adaptation and finance. The article establishes that among the good is that we have a universal deal in place that speaks to L&D and adaptation. the bad remains that developing and weaker nations are still vulnerable, in negotiations and to climate change. Among the ugly is the emerging unholy alliance between the referees (national governments) and key players (business and industry) that resulted in a quasi-legally binding deal. Furthermore, we continue to have endless financial promises. Since Gleneagles in 2005, when $50 billion in aid was promised by the G8, $100 billion per annum was promised from Copenhagen’s COP15 in 2009, to the scale-up promises of $100 billion annually from 2015 – developing countries are still waiting for these promises to be met. Drawing from Africa’s adaptation funding needs of $15 billion annually, as estimated by the United Nations environment Programme to 2020, and the $50+ billion annually thereafter to 2050, the article concludes that the global adaptation funding gap remains huge. We therefore recommend that domestic mobilisation of financial and other resources remain a viable option.     

Reflections on Global Climate Politics Post Paris: Power,Interests and Polycentricity

The Paris Agreement on climate change adopted in December 2015 has the potential to shape future climate politics and governance significantly, with broader implications for world politics at large. First of all, it solidifies the importance of ‘low-emission capacity’ as a source of power in international climate politics. Second, it supports the ongoing societal mobilisation and reinforces interest in the new climate economy. Third, it points, as a result, toward a more multipolar future climate world order. Finally, the Agreement recalibrates the role of the multilateral UN process as providing overall direction towards global decarbonisation, while leaving implementation to states, other international organisations and various non-state actors and initiatives. Therefore, phasing out global greenhouse gas emissions within the next few decades requires subnational and national policy frameworks that facilitate and promote overachievement and hence drive an upward dynamic – making the Paris Agreement a real-world experiment with an uncertain outcome.     

中国PPP政策工具选择及其选择模式研究——基于中央政策的文本分析

为深入了解我国PPP政策工具选择现状,基于政策工具视角,采用文本内容分析方法,以中央政府层面(2013-2017年)颁布的PPP政策文本为分析对象,从政策工具、政策目标、项目生命周期三个维度构建了PPP政策三维分析框架。研究发现:PPP政策工具选择偏好明显,在基本政策工具维度上偏重环境型政策工具,政策目标维度偏重PPP模式推广和合作环境营造,项目生命周期维度偏重项目采购与执行;PPP政策工具选择模式明显,具体表现为两种模式四条路径。     

再论政府采购

本文从制定《政府采购法》的目的和意义出发 ,对我国新出台的《政府采购法》中一些问题与 WTO《政府采购协定》的协调问题作简要分析 ,并对本法的不足之处提出一些粗浅的看法。