妇女权益的恒久追求——1996～2006社会党妇女国际历次会议关于妇女权益保障综述

1996～2006年间,社会党妇女国际先后召开30余次会议,核心议题定位于消除社会上任何损害妇女权益的行为,争取妇女在普遍原则、发展、平等方面的权益。社会党妇女国际认为,新自由主义的勃兴及其治国理念的实施、教育资源缺少、传统社会的惯性思维等造成了妇女在暴力、性虐待、失业、童工、疾病、移民等问题上面临权益受损的严峻挑战。保障妇女权益的主要路经是:提高妇女的教育层次、经济地位、技术经验和卫生保健水平;完善保障妇女权益的国内法律法规和国际公约;充分发挥联合国、社会党国际及其成员党、各国政府的协调作用,整合世界资源,等等。     

中国共产党的三大历史贡献

８０年来，我党主要有三大历史贡献：完成了反帝反封建反官僚资本主义的任务，结束了半殖民地半封建社会的历史；消灭了剥削制度和剥削阶级，确立了社会主义制度；开创了建设有中国特色的社会主义道路，逐步迈向社会主义现代化。对这段历程进行回顾与反思，对于加强中国共产党的建设具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

加强和改进新形势下党的基层民主建设

加强和改进党的基层民主建设是党永葆先进性的关键。近年来，党的基层民主建设取得了显著的成效，但仍存在着不少问题，主要表现为坚持民主制度时重程序轻内容，营造民主氛围时多形式少实践，听取民主意见时喜赞同怕反对。因此，要想提高党的基层民主建设科学化水平，把基层党组织建设成为坚强有力的战斗堡垒，必须努力做好以下三项工作：一是提高党员民主意识，尊重党员民主权利；二是严格落实民主制度，营造浓厚民主氛围；三是主动搭建民主平台，大力加强民主建设。     

党代会代表提案制度实践述评——兼论其发展基础与深化方向

党代会代表提案制是完善党的代表大会制度、推进党内民主的重要举措。经过多年探索实践,党代会代表提案制得到了循序渐进地发展,在认识层面、理论研究、制度建设科学化等方面积累了一定基础,但同时也积存了一些问题,需要从制定党内规章、制度规范化建设以及党代表队伍建设等角度对其进行深化和完善。     

A generational model of political learning

We propose a mathematical framework for modeling opinion change using large-scale longitudinal data sets. Our framework encompasses two varieties of Bayesian learning theory as well as Mannheim's theory of generational responses to political events. The basic assumptions underlying the model are (1) that historical periods are characterized by shocks to existing political opinions, and (2) that individuals of different ages may attach different weights to those political shocks. Political generations emerge endogenously from these basic assumptions: the political views of identifiable birth cohorts differ, and evolve distinctively through time, due to the interaction of age-specific weights with period-specific shocks. We employ this model to examine generational changes in party identification using survey data from the 1952–2008 American National Election Studies.     

全面提高发展党员工作科学化水平研究——以福建省为例

发展党员工作是确保党员队伍纯洁性,使党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业坚强领导核心的"源头工程"。新中国成立以来福建省发展党员工作与全国高度一致,都历经了从"曲折阶梯型"向"平缓爬坡型"发展的非均衡性脉络特征。因而在总体上取得良好绩效的同时,也都不可避免地存在着整个发展和管理工作科学化水平有待提高的问题。为了有效解决这一突出问题,需要在其发展的路径、程序、机制、覆盖面及其自身的职业化党务人才队伍建设等方面尊重事实、遵循规律。     

大数据背景下党校图书馆服务模式探析

伴随网络时代到来的信息大爆炸,"大数据"概念开始广泛应用于社会生活和科学研究各个领域。在给党校图书馆发展带来机遇的同时,也要求党校图书馆适应形势,改进工作。其中,迫切的是信息化服务模式的优化和创新。     

“私代履行人”的理论定位及规范建议

虽然《行政强制法》规定行政强制措施权不得委托给私人,但是在代履行中,却存在着"私代履行人"参与公法任务的空间。"私代履行人"理应被定位为行政助手。然而,作为公私协力的模式之一,行政助手理论制度存在一系列争议,需要对委托机关与"私代履行人"的法律关系性质、"私代履行人"的代理权行使及其侵权的行政救济等问题消除歧见。在此基础上,对"私代履行人"的条件、职责、权利义务、诉讼途径及法律责任等进行规范建议。     

The Role of Language in the Automatic Coding of Political Texts

Automatic approaches to coding party manifestos and other political texts have become more widespread. This research note addresses the question to what extent the source language of a text affects the results. To do so, Swiss manifestos in German and French are coded automatically, comparing a keyword‐based dictionary approach and Wordscores. Because of language differences, both stemming and particularly stop words are important to obtain comparable results for Wordscores. If both are used, the predicted scores are almost identical in both languages. With the right preparations, the challenge of language differences can thus be overcome.     

A Slow and Painful Death? Political Parties and Local Democracy in Two Northern Towns

This paper assesses the state of local political parties in the UK, using case study material generated via a comparative study of local democracy in Burnley and Harrogate. It considers the challenges facing local political parties arising from the transition from local government to local governance and the ‘diversification’ of mechanisms through which local residents relate to local public agencies. The paper argues that local parties have reached an advanced state of decline, reflected in the erosion of third parties and, in the case of Burnley, the rise of the British National Party. The paper concludes with proposals for reinvigorating local parties, as part of a broader agenda of reviving local democracy in the UK.