Translating Le Dœuff's analytics: On Le Dœuff's Anglo‐Australian interception

This article proposes an interdisciplinary approach to studying the dynamics that condition the evolution of various path dependencies of media systems, comprised of specific industry institutions, their formations, the markets they create, usage practices, audience constellations and textual formations. The interdisciplinary approach involves the integration of the semiotics of culture approach (Lotman) with the evolutionary economics approach. As the former studies the dynamics of inter-semiotic translations to interpret the evolution of media's new textual forms and the latter focuses on phenomena such as resource constraints or industry exchange relationships, then in aggregation, they may help to interpret the manifold dynamics that might contribute both to the formation of diachronic continuities as well as discontinuities in a culture. The empirical case that the article focuses on is the early evolution of the mobile web, its path dependence on the preceding media, especially desktop web, and its potential divergence from this “parent platform”, its gradual emancipation as an autonomous media domain     

建立巡视制度的合理性及其启示

党内巡视制度的产生是监督制度改革的一大成果,对反腐败工作发挥了重要作用。廉政制度创新是非常艰难的,巡视制度的产生及存在有其必然的合理性,即巡视制度具有明显的制度惯性,巡视制度与非正式制度相一致。政府的首位工作、政府的有限理性和制度环境要求建立巡视制度。从党内监督制度的改革和巡视制度的产生,可以得出五点启示：一个国家已有的历史积累构成了这个国家反腐败体制选择的基础;任何优秀的反腐败体制都是相对的;由于“制度惯性”,反腐败体制的移植是相当困难的;廉政制度变迁是从某一边际开始的一个社会博弈过程;要充分发挥巡视制度的作用是有条件的。     

农村公共品供给制度:变迁、博弈及路径创新——基于利益相关者理论的分析范式

改革开放后,农村公共产品供给制度经历了税费改革前后两个历史阶段,并发生了重大变迁。从利益相关者理论的分析角度来看,这些变迁是中央政府、地方政府尤其是县乡政府、农民等三方利益主体在需求决策、财政筹资、生产管理等方面进行利益博弈的结果,在当前的制度情景下,进一步走向各核心利益相关者之间的共同治理和利益均衡是农村公共品供给制度创新的方向。     

Criminal Behavior in Opioid‐Dependent Patients Before and During Maintenance Therapy: 6‐year Follow‐Up of a Nationally Representative Cohort Sample

Lifetime prevalence of opioid dependence is about 0.4% in western countries. Opioid‐dependent patients have high morbidity and mortality and a high risk of criminal behavior. Few studies have addressed the long‐term impact of opioid maintenance therapy on convictions and criminal behavior. The PREMOS study is a prospective, longitudinal, naturalistic clinical study of a nationally representative sample of 2694 opioid‐dependent patients to investigate convictions and criminal behavior at baseline and after 6 years of maintenance treatment. At follow‐up, 2284 patients still were eligible (84.7%). A comprehensive assessment including a patient and doctor questionnaire, and the EuropASI was completed at baseline and follow‐up. Data on criminality at follow‐up had been received for 1147 (70.6%) patients. A large number (84.5%) of them had been charged or convicted at any time before baseline assessment, most frequently with drug‐related offenses (66.8%), acquisitive crime (49.1%), or acts of violence (22.0%). Reported charges and convictions had declined to 17.9% for the last 12 months before follow‐up, which was also reflected by a significant decrease in the EuropASI subscore “legal problems” from 1.52 at baseline to 0.98 after 6 years. These data indicate a significant and clinically relevant reduction in criminal behavior in opioid‐dependent patients in long‐term maintenance treatment. Maintenance therapy is effective in the reduction in both narcotics‐related and acquisition crime.     

抽象行政行为司法审查之实然状况与应然构造——兼论对行政规范性文件的司法监控

我国行政法学者和司法部门对抽象行政行为司法审查的关注多集中于其是否属于受案范围,一方面由于缺乏对法治国家司法审查制度的系统研究,致使对一些重要概念的认识错误在学界滋生;另一方面使得司法实践中未能切实解决涉及抽象行政行为诉讼案件的受理问题。各地法院针对涉抽象行政行为案件莫衷一是的作法,极大地破坏了法治统一,一定程度上也削弱了公民对司法的信仰。对规章以下的行政规范性文件进行司法审查有其正当性根据。     

Experiences of coercion during investigation and treatment

According to Swedish legislation (LVM) compulsory treatment shall be decided on if someone, due to ongoing abuse of alcohol, drugs or volatile solvents, is in need of care to overcome abuse and if a voluntary intervention is not possible. Very little research has been conducted in Sweden on this particular legislation with regard to the clients' experiences of entire process from assessment to aftercare. We interviewed 74 subjects who were being assessed prior to the court's decision on involuntary care (n=39), or with previous experience of assessment and involuntary care (n=35). The assessment group more often reported having the opportunity to express their opinions to the social worker during the assessment period (55% vs. 21%, p<.05) and they were more positive towards the final decision (60% vs. 24%, p<.05). In spite of the law, 18% were not contacted by the social services while in coercive treatment. The clients who did meet with a social worker, often described the conferences as more of a perfunctory nature with a lack of focus on the actual situation and aftercare planning. This study points at a need of studying the subjects' experiences of the whole continuum of the coercive process: from the investigation, to treatment and to aftercare. It also points at the need for new instruments to be developed covering all aspects of the coercive process and in particular the period of investigation prior to the decision on involuntary care.     

经济全球化背景下中国对外开放的反思

作为一个长期处于夹缝之中而又不容忽视的大国,中国融入全球化的过程经历了一个由被动的"卷入"到自信主动进入的过程,中国对外开放战略的更迭也浸润着时代特色和某些令人无奈的缺憾。在全球性经济交往中,发展中国家的"先天不足"注定它们要比发达国家面临更多的全球化挑战和承担更大的经济风险。就中国而言,社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善仍在探索之中,体制转轨所暴露的金融安全问题及所引发的就业问题,在世界产业水平分工中的不利地位及所引发的对外依赖度偏高等状况,影响着中国对外开放的速度与规模。但是,随着对外开放的速度加快,力度加大,中国所面临的全球化的挑战更大也更加迫切,对外开放战略需要在已有的成功经验的基础上进行新的路径选择。     

对大学生思想道德教育方法的思考

如何在大学生中加强思想道德教育 ,怎样发挥大学在整个社会道德建设中的作用 ,是高校教育工作者值得认真思考的问题 ,笔者就当前大学生思想上存在的种种困惑 ,结合《公民道德建设实施纲要》的学习 ,对如何发挥德育课教学的主渠道作用 ,谈几点自己的认识和思考     

Toward a Theory of Negotiation Precedent

It is remarkable that precedents and their use have not been well explored within the negotiation literature. In this article, I examine the sparse knowledge of precedents and offer a preliminary framework for understanding the role of precedents in negotiation, including how negotiators establish and apply them. Precedents can either evolve randomly or be created with strategic intent. Understanding precedents generally involves examining how negotiators build, adopt, avoid, and reject them. In this review of the existing literature, I identify twelve concepts and paradigms that are particularly relevant to our understanding of negotiation precedents. I also establish a research agenda and identify three methods for further developing our knowledge of precedents: applying path dependence theory from the field of international relations to a negotiation context; conducting experimental research in a laboratory setting involving subjects engaged in negotiation exercises that contain opportunities to apply precedents; and conducting field research with a focus on case methodology grounded in negotiation linkage theory and theories of negotiation dynamics. Finally, in this article, I formulate a two‐part framework on building and applying precedents, and offer managerial guidance for the negotiation practitioner. Precedents serve as a strategic technique and provide a source of power at that point in a negotiation when decisions are made.     

非政府组织的制度分析

本文从制度分析的角度考量非政府组织,认为非政府组织是关于准公共物品分配的一种制度安排, 分别从空间维度和时间维度研究非政府组织,并最终考察了非政府组织的制度边界和制度变迁,以期提升我国社会组织的良性运行与和谐发展。