邓小平农村改革思想及其现实启迪

邓小平农村改革思想包括农村改革基础论、“两个飞跃”论、城乡改革协调论、乡镇企业论、“首创精神”论、农村改革性质论等多方面的丰富内容。深入学习和研究邓小平农村改革思想，对于我国“三农”问题的解决具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

论建设工程合同欠款纠纷中债权人的代位权——兼论天津市高院《关于审理建设工程合同纠纷案件若干问题的座谈纪要》之完善

由于我国房地产市场运行尚不规范,司法实践中建设工程合同纠纷案件,拖欠工程款纠纷日益增多,为正确处理此类案件,天津市高级人民法院印发了《关于审理建设工程合同纠纷案件若干问题的座谈纪要》。文章从理论与实践结合的角度,运用债的保全的民法理论,分析了债权人代位权的特征与性质、构成与效力,并针对《关于审理建设工程合同纠纷案件若干问题的座谈纪要》存在的问题,提出了如何进一步完善的建议。     

Floppy aortic valve presenting as sudden death

A previously healthy 34-year-old Dutch immigrant to Australia died unexpectedly in his sleep. At autopsy the only significant finding was a floppy aortic valve (FAV). Histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic studies corroborated the macroscopic diagnosis. Previously described associations of the FAV include the floppy mitral valve, Marfan's syndrome, aortic root dilatation and aortic cystic medial necrosis. None of these features were found in the present case which is the first recorded example of isolated FAV presenting as sudden death. The mechanism of death is obscure, and while it is presumed to be dysrhythmic, a detailed histological examination of the cardiac conducting system revealed no anatomic abnormality.     

禅宗与宋人“尚意”的书法思想

禅宗与书法的渊源颇深,在“宋人尚意”的书法思想上体现得尤为突出。从禅宗与“尚意”的关系和“尚意”的书家代表来看,禅宗对“宋人尚意”书风的形成产生了深远的影响。     

马克思的产业升级思想初探

产业升级理论是马克思产业结构理论的重要组成部分，产业升级是社会经济发展的基础，产业升级能够促进社会经济增长和财富增加，推动社会分工不断进步，引导生产要素在不同部门之间流动，带动产业结构向高级形态发展。在我国现阶段，应进一步强化技术进步和创新的先导作用，加快推进传统产业升级，健全和完善市场调节功能，促进生产要素自由流动，为我国的产业升级创造条件。     

《人民警察法》规范性的实证分析

《人民警察法》的低适用率折射出法律本身规范性不足的问题。通过对《人民警察法》中124条法律规则的全样本分析表明:31.45%的法律规则的条件假定需要推定,34.7%的法律规则的行为模式需要通过解释方能适用,28.2%的法律规则未能设定任何法律后果。此外,警察法的过分离散化使得警察立法缺乏统一性。因此,《人民警察法》的修改应增加法律的确定性,并应吸收其他相关法,在立法技术上走向法典化。     

Local,National and Global Islam: Religious Guidance and European Muslim Public Opinion on Political Radicalism and Social Conservatism

The attacks on the Charlie Hebdo magazine and Kosher supermarket in Paris in January 2015, as well as the announcement of a ‘Caliphate’ by radical Islamists of the so-called ‘Islamic State in Iraq and Syria’ (ISIS) in 2014, reignited political and academic interest in the possible appeal of radical Islamism among young Muslims living in Western Europe. This analysis expands existing knowledge by adding a large-n, cross-national comparison to the small-n or single-case-study approaches dominating research on European Muslims over the last two decades. Moving beyond examination of the interaction between European governments and groups claiming to represent European Muslims, this analysis takes into account the individualisation of Muslim religious discourses, practices and identities. Binary logistic regression analyses challenge conventional wisdom which emphasises discrimination and rejection of Western foreign policies in the explanation of political radicalism. Instead, religious guidance and socio-economic status emerge as consistent correlates of political and social attitudes among West European Muslims. These findings not only add to a growing body of literature providing empirical evidence for the political impact of religious elites, they also have crucial policy implications for West European governments working to maintain national security and social cohesion.     

Pathways to power: Women's representation in the 2014 European Parliament elections

The 2014 European Parliament (EP) elections produced a record proportion of women MEPs overall (37 per cent). Yet, these results vary widely across countries and parties. This article aims to explain these variations, evaluating not only who the elected representatives of the 8^th EP are, but also how they got there. Are the paths to the EP the same for women and men? Are there gender differences in terms of MEPs’ political experience? A unique dataset listing more than 700 elected MEPs and their background, party and country characteristics is used to empirically examine who makes it to the EP and through which route. The results of the analysis suggest no significant gender differences in the pathways to the EP. Yet, parties matter: more women were elected to the 8^th EP from left‐wing than from right‐wing or ‘new’ parties, and both men and (especially) women representing right‐wing parties tend to be politically more experienced than their fellow MEPs from other types of parties. Furthermore, it is found that men are more likely than women to be promoted straight from party office to the EP, suggesting that some pathways to the EP are less open to women than others.     

民生权适用中的核心问题研究--由排除妨害纠纷案件引发的思考

在社会发展的过程中,民生保障始终是重要的社会任务。近年来,民生权作为一项新型权利被提出后,在理论界和实务界都受到了一定关注。然而,由于民生权保护的利益并不同于具体的法律权利和宪法权利,因此当民生权作为一项具体权利在适用过程中,就会面临权利定性、权利行使范围以及义务责任主体等方面的具体问题。对于民生权的性质并不应当片面理解为一种宪法权利,更不是一项部门法上的单独权利,它的运行和落实需要通过与部门法规则的衔接来实现,对民生权的适用需要加以相应限制条件,并应明确国家是民生权当然的义务主体,法人、其他组织在有规定的情况下也会承担相应的民生权义务,而个人决不能被认定为民生权义务主体,否则就会造成民生权滥用和法律规则适用的混乱。     

Enacting multi-layered citizenship: Turkey’s Armenians’ struggle for justice and equality

Throughout the history of the Turkish Republic, Turkey’s Armenians have been subjected to a trade-off between the limited minority rights granted by the 1923 Lausanne Treaty and equal national citizenship. Traditionally a closed, depoliticized community, the citizenship practices of the Armenian minority have become increasingly differentiated in recent years. Building on a notion of citizenship as multi-layered and constituted through collective practice, this article investigates the implications of the political acts of Turkey’s Armenian minority on sub-national and national citizenship in Turkey. We show that Turkey’s Armenians are coupling rights demands, identification, normative references, and mobilization at the sub-national, national, and transnational levels in innovative ways, and are thereby negotiating different layers of citizenship in Turkey in a way that strengthens equal national citizenship.