Profiling the scent of weathered training aids for blood-detection dogs

At outdoor crime scenes, cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs may be tasked with locating blood that is days, weeks or months old. Although it is known that the odour profile of blood will change during this time, it is currently unknown how the profile changes when exposed to the environment. Such variables must be studied in order to understand when the odour profile is no longer detectable by the scent-detection dogs and other crime scene tools should be implemented. In this study, blood was deposited onto concrete and varnished wood surfaces and weathered in an outdoor environment over a three-month period. Headspace samples were collected using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). The chemical odour profiles were compared with the behavioural responses of cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs during training. Data interpretation using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) established that the blood odour could no longer be detected using SPME–GC×GC–TOFMS after two months of weathering on both surfaces. Conversely, the blood-detection dogs had difficulty locating the blood samples after one month of weathering on concrete and after one week of weathering on varnished wood. The scent-detection dogs evaluated herein had not been previously exposed to environmentally weathered blood samples during training. Given that this study was conducted to test the dogs' baseline abilities, it is expected that with repeated exposure, the dogs' capabilities would likely improve. The knowledge gained from this study can assist in providing law enforcement with more accurate training aids for blood-detection dogs and can improve their efficiency when deployed to outdoor crime scenes.     

Post-Traumatic Stress and Alcohol-Related Problems Following a College Shooting: Effect of Help-Seeking

Our aim was to test the hypothesized relationships between trauma exposure and alcohol-related problems, mediated by PTS symptoms, moderated by prior trauma exposure and help-seeking. Participants were 244 members of a private university who were enrolled or employed at the school on the date of a campus shooting. Online measures were distributed via e-mail in October 2014, and included the AUDIT, BTQ, PCL-5, and self-report measures of trauma exposure and counseling services utilized. The overall moderated mediation model examining the indirect effect of exposure to trauma on alcohol-related problems through PTSD symptoms, moderated by prior trauma and help seeking was significant, β(SE) = .310(.3554), p = .0001. This study highlights the importance of crisis interventions following trauma exposure.     

新中国成立以来道德榜样叙事的嬗变与审思

道德榜样叙事作为中国共产党榜样文化的核心与灵魂,在中国共产党带领人民从站起来、富起来到强起来的总体历史进程中持续展开并不断进阶.新中国成立以来,道德榜样叙事发生了整体性嬗变,表现为:主体从主客二分转向主体间性;本体从单层面转向多层面与耦合化;媒介从传统媒体转向新媒体和全媒体;环境从现实性转向“虚”“实”交融;思维从单向...     

“人民至上”对共产党人初心使命三个向度的诠释

共产党人的初心使命是为中国人民谋幸福,为中华民族谋复兴,它以马克思主义理论为思想起点,以人民立场为价值取向,以共产主义为目标归宿。新时代“人民至上”从这三个向度对共产党人的初心使命进行了进一步的深刻诠释,以不断与时俱进精神坚守马克思主义,实现马克思主义中国化的丰富和发展;以不负人民印证初心使命,凸显全心全意为人民服务的宗旨;以人民利益为先贯彻落实治国方略,不断推进实现民族复兴的伟大梦想。“人民至上”使共产党人初心使命的思想起点更加深厚科学,价值取向更加明确清晰,目标理想更加庄重赤诚。解析“人民至上”是明确共产党人初心使命本质的一种阐释,也让我们对百年来共产党人初心使命的坚守与传承有了更加透彻的领悟,有助于未来道路上转化为强大动力,使中国共产党始终得到人民拥护,永远立于不败之地。     

《踅言集》:一部最早实录鸦片战争进程的诗歌专集

《(踅)言集》是一部目前已知最早实录鸦片战争进程的诗歌专集,内中充满对鸦片之害的愤怒声讨、对入侵之敌的切齿增恶、对抗英志士的由衷钦敬和对误国官员的无情讥刺,可谓诗铎,可谓诗史,于今人认识那一段历史,殊有其不可忽略之助益.     

Low Power,First Offers,and Reservation Prices: Weak Negotiators are Self-anchored by Their Own Alternatives

Although most scholars recommend making the first offer in negotiations, recent research and practitioners' experience have uncovered a second-mover advantage in certain situations. In the current article, we explore this first- versus second-mover dynamic by investigating the circumstances under which negotiators would make less favorable first offers than they would receive were they to move second, focusing on the effects of negotiation power in the form of alternatives. Additionally, we examine the effects of low power on reservation prices and whether these effects could be mitigated using an anchor-debiasing technique. In Study 1, we manipulated negotiators' power in the form of the best alternative to the negotiated agreement and examined its effect on first offers and reservation prices. Our results showed that low-power negotiators would receive more favorable first offers than they would have made themselves when facing either low- or medium-power counterparts. Also, our results suggest that low-power negotiators had less favorable reservation prices than their medium- and high- power counterparts. In Study 2, we investigated whether this effect would persist in the face of anchor-debiasing techniques. Our results showed that while anchor-debiasing techniques did improve their first offers, low-power negotiators would still benefit from making the counteroffer rather than moving first. Our findings uncover the disadvantageous effects of low power on first-offer magnitude while offering practical advice to negotiators.