论强奸案件被害人品格证据的可采性

品格证据规则作为基本证据规则长期存在于英美的刑事诉讼实践中,其核心在于避免刑事审判中不公正的偏见对案件客观事实的发现造成不利影响,但由于此项制度的矛盾性与复杂性,对其争议颇多。美国刑事诉讼中长期存在的"强奸盾牌条款",对强奸案件中被害人品格名声采用了有限可采的办法,即一般不采用,但存在例外规定。基于证据性质、被害人保护等诸多因素,我国应该明确强奸案件中被害人品格证据不具有可采性。     

论询问口语的表达运用

询问口语是获取证据和线索的重要交际工具。在侦查工作中,要想得到证人、被害人的理解与配合,需要在注意礼貌原则的基础上,把握询问口语调查取证用语的依法性,展开调查用语的灵活性等特点,紧扣特定的语境,借助体态语、副语言的配合,有针对性地选择得体的语言表达方式,达到沟通交流,顺利调查取证的目的。     

论法律现实主义视野下的刑讯逼供

有关刑讯逼供的理论研究成果颇丰。而且，在地方性刑事诉讼规则中，为研究者所广泛称道的警察作证制度、讯问过程录音录像、律师在场权、沉默权、举证责任倒置等相关举措已经纳入“试验田”向实务部门推行。但实证调查显示，“书面中的法”和“行动中的法”存在较大的隔阂。现有学术研究偏向“口供虚无主义”的休克疗法该为此负责。遏制刑讯逼供的方法应当立足法治的本土资源，构建现实语境下警察讯问的权力监督体系，改进刑事侦查阶段的证明标准，创造犯罪嫌疑人自愿供述的条件，促成实务部门的执法规范化，达致控辩双方的平衡共赢局面。     

The quantification of fingerprint quality using a relative contrast index

Research into fingermark enhancement techniques has traditionally used visual comparisons and qualitative methods to assess their effectiveness based on the quality of the developed fingermark. However, with increasing research into the optimisation of these techniques the need for a quantitative evaluative method has arisen. Parameters for acceptable fingerprint quality are not well defined and generally encompass clear, sharp edges and high levels of contrast between the fingermark ridges and background material. Using these current parameters, a conclusive measurement of fingerprint quality and thus the effectiveness of development techniques cannot be achieved.This study presents a model through which an aspect of fingerprint quality can be objectively and impartially measured based on a relative contrast index, constructed through measuring the reflective intensity of the fingermark ridges against the background material. Using a fibre-optic spectrophotometer attached to a microscope with axial illumination, the intensity counts of the ridge detail and background material were measured and a logarithmic contrast index constructed. The microscope and spectrophotometer parameters were experimentally tested using a standard colour resolution chart with known reflective properties. The protocol was successfully applied to four sample groups: black inked fingerprints on white paper; latent fingermarks on white paper developed separately with ninhydrin and physical developer; and fingermarks in blood deposited on white tiles and enhanced with amido black. The contrast indices obtained quantitatively reflect the level of contrast and provide an indication of fingerprint quality through a numerical representation rather than previous qualitative methods. It has been suggested that the proposed method of fingerprint quantification may be viable for application in the forensic research arena as it allows the definitive measurement of contrast to aid the evaluation of fingermark detection and enhancement techniques.     

论侦查讯问中采用侦查证据逻辑标准

在侦查讯问中，判断事实材料是否为侦查证据是具有一定的逻辑标准的。就侦查证据的内涵标准而言，它包括合法性、客观性、关联性相互联系的三个方面，并且产生了相应的逻辑证据规则；就侦查证据的外延标准而言，可以根据不同标准对侦查证据进行不同的分类．其中蕴含着不同的逻辑推理或论证方式、方法。     

论行政执法中非法证据排除规则的构建

由于行政执法程序是行政诉讼的先前程序之一,其证据的取得是否合法不仅影响到行政相对人的合法权益和行政执法案件的质量,同时也关系到社会秩序是否能够有效地维护。完全照搬诉讼法上的非法证据排除规则可能不完全适合我国行政执法的现状,所以,针对行政执法的现状,研究、确立一种行政执法中的非法证据排除规则对于规范行政证据的收集将具有很大的促进作用。     

行政诉讼证明标准研究

目前学界尚未在行政诉讼证明标准的概念问题上达成共识。对于行政诉讼证明标准内涵的界定,应该从证明标准与法律真实、自由心证和证明责任的关系入手。本文通过比较两大法系行政诉讼证明标准的特点及赖以存在的正当性基础,在坚持法律真实、自由心证和正当程序理念的基础上,提出在区分一般情况和特殊情况的前提下,重构我国行政诉讼证明标准体系的建议。     

物证污染的防范

物证污染是影响物证鉴定结果的重要因素之一，它会损害物证鉴定结论质量甚至造成错误的鉴定结论。物证污染可能发生在犯罪现场或实验室，采取适当的污染防范措施可以有效降低物证污染发生的可能性，及时监测和发现物证污染可以将污染造成的危害降到最低。     

Object-oriented Bayesian networks for paternity cases with allelic dependencies

This study extends the current use of Bayesian networks by incorporating the effects of allelic dependencies in paternity calculations. The use of object-oriented networks greatly simplify the process of building and interpreting forensic identification models, allowing researchers to solve new, more complex problems. We explore two paternity examples: the most common scenario where DNA evidence is available from the alleged father, the mother and the child; a more complex case where DNA is not available from the alleged father, but is available from the alleged father’s brother. Object-oriented networks are built, using HUGIN, for each example which incorporate the effects of allelic dependence caused by evolutionary relatedness.     

民事诉讼非法证据排除规则探微

非法证据排除规则,是现代民事诉讼的一项重要规则。但对我国而言,某种意义上则是"舶来品"。因此,必须弄清在民事诉讼中确立非法证据排除规则的理性和价值诉求,同时与我国固有的诉讼文化进行对接,在此基础上构建和完善符合我国法治环境的民事诉讼非法证据排除规则。