教育、法制与精神文明建设

教育是精神文明建设的基础工程,是促进社会全面进步的重要手段。法制是社会主义精神文明的重要标志,是精神文明建设的强有力保障。正确运用教育和法制,可确保精神文明建设的健康发展。     

论我国反收购制度及其缺陷

我国《公司法》、《证券法》没有对反收购行为进行规制,使得反收购行为处于无序状态。证监会发布的《上市公司收购管理办法》规定,被收购公司针对收购行为可以采取措施,隐含着对反收购行为的规制,这对于规范目标公司的反收购行为具有重要意义,但也存在明显的缺陷。本文就反收购制度的基本内容及其缺陷进行了分析,并希望通过修改《公司法》、《证券法》对反收购行为予以全面规范和完善。     

Building informal knowledge‐sharing relationships between policy makers and academics: Insights from a PM&C engagement project

This article outlines an innovative project to encourage knowledge sharing and engagement between academics and a policy team within the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C). The project was designed to enhance policy advice by drawing on a group of academics outside the policy ranks to act as a sounding board, to question, and provide differing perspectives within the policy process of crafting advice to government. External expertise and particularly academic research has the potential to improve evidence‐based policy but often fails to be specific or timely for those at the “pointy end” of policy decision making. An informal knowledge sharing framework has the potential to improve the exchange of information through confidential and targeted conversations between researchers and public servants as one way of overcoming these barriers.     

Mobilising evidence in public policy: The contribution of the evidence provider

This article contributes to the conceptualisation of evidence‐based policy through providing a framework of the key factors that influence research utilisation, including those that shape the quality of evidence provided. We apply this framework to an analysis of public policy to regulate the remuneration of freight truck drivers to improve workplace safety in their industry. Recent policymaking concerning the regulation of truck drivers’ remuneration in Australia provides an opportunity to examine the quality and utilisation of research evidence by external evidence providers in opposing political contexts. This article suggests the need for informed and vigilant scrutiny of the contributions of evidence providers to government policymaking, particularly in the case of wicked policy problems about which there are sustained ideological differences that underpin problematisation, research interpretation, and conceivable policy solutions.     

底线思维的应用原则、实践图景和方法体系

从方法论维度尝试深化底线思维研究的相关探索,探讨在底线思维应用过程中需要遵循的主体性、历史性、能动性等基本原则;从单维和多维的角度描绘底线思维实践的逻辑图景;从基本路径、积极防御、最佳结果等三个层面讨论底线思维的方法体系。     

道路·体系·制度:中国共产党人对社会主义的伟大贡献

胡锦涛在“七一”重要讲话中归结了90年来所取得的三大成就:中国特色社会主义道路、中国特色社会主义理论体系以及中国特色社会主义制度,以上三者的统一是对中国特色社会主义的科学定位.中国特色社会主义道路是社会主义运动和人类现代化进程中的伟大创新,中国特色社会主义理论体系是与中国革命和建设内在逻辑相一致的理论指南,中国特色社会主义制度是当代中国发展进步的根本保证.     

域外毒品鉴定错案成因分析与防范借鉴

近年来,域外毒品鉴定错案高发,深刻暴露出毒品鉴定管理的内源性问题,值得我国相关领域工作人员借鉴。本文首先概述了毒品鉴定的特点;其次,根据近年来美国、加拿大、英国等地出现的典型毒品鉴定错案,对相关成因做系统梳理,为提升毒品鉴定管理质量、降低毒品鉴定错案的负面影响提供参考依据。本文将鉴定错案分为"错误"和"失误"两大类,并提出了通过提升实验室内部管理、加强实验室外部监督以及落实鉴定意见的质证认证等环节,预防毒品鉴定错案的系统方法。对于防范毒物毒品错案的发生具有重要的参照意义。     

Characteristics and dose-effect relationship of clinical gamma-hydroxybutyrate intoxication: A case series

Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) overdoses cause respiratory depression, coma, or even death. Symptoms and severity of poisoning depend on blood-concentrations and individual factors such as tolerance. A retrospective case study was conducted, evaluating GHB intoxication cases. GHB-concentrations in blood and urine were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) along with, in part, via enzymatic assay. GHB-concentrations, demographic data, and additional drug use, as well as specific clinical information, were evaluated. The correlation between GHB-levels in blood and associated symptoms were examined. In total, 75 cases originating from the Emergency Departments (EDs) of Hamburg and surrounding hospitals were included. Fifty-four of the patients (72%) were male. The mean GHB-concentration in blood was 248 mg/L (range 21.5–1418 mg/L). Out of the group with detailed clinical information (n = 18), the comatose group (n = 10/18) showed a mean of 244 mg/L (range 136–403 mg/L), which was higher than that of the somnolent and awake patients. Of the comatose collective, 70% (n = 7) showed co-use of one or more substances, with the additional use of cocaine being the most frequently detected (n = 5). In conclusion, a moderate dose-effect relationship was observed, although, there was some overlap in dosage concentration levels of GHB in awake and comatose patients. In GHB-intoxication cases, co-use was common as were clinical effects such as acidosis, hypotension, and impact on the heart rate. Timely analytical determination of the GHB-concentration in blood could support correct diagnosis of the cause of unconsciousness.     

Near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to classify cosmetic foundations from a crime scene

Cosmetic smears are a form of trace evidence that can link the crime scene, suspects, and victims. Foundation and lipstick are the most common sources of cosmetics that can easily smear, with most current research focused on the evidential analysis of lipsticks. This research aims to create a database of cosmetic foundations on different materials and to access the robustness of using Near-infrared with chemometrics as a non-destructive technique to identify unknown samples collected from a crime scene. Small amounts of six shades of three brands of foundations were smeared on clothing materials, which were then analysed with a combination of Near-infrared with chemometric analysis. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce data dimensionality and explore potential patterns in sample separation and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was utilised to assign unknown samples to one of the established classes. The selected techniques proved to be promising for database construction and as a preliminary method of analysis, with 93% of the spectra being correctly classified. Notably, darker foundation shades were less likely to be correctly classified (90% classified correctly) compared to lighter ones (96.7% classified correctly). This could not be improved with Standard Normal Variate (SNV) data pre-treatment or selecting specific NIR regions. This finding is of particular importance; according to the Crime Survey for England and Wales (year ending March 2020) police recorded sexual offences demonstrated that those in Mixed and Black or Black British ethnic groups were significantly more likely to be a victim of sexual assault compared to White, Asian or Other ethnic groups. It is, therefore, crucial to add a wide range of foundation shades, particularly of darker tones, to the future database.     

投资条约仲裁制度改革的中国选择

投资条约仲裁制度有利于投资者保护,但其也存在易于导致东道国与投资者权益保护失衡等问题。中国应顺应国际上的改革大势和潮流,从实体规则和程序规则两个方面对投资条约仲裁制度进行改革,采取包括维护东道国的管理权、缩减仲裁庭自由解释条约的空间以及加强缔约国对条约解释的控制权等措施,以确保其能平衡保护投资者与东道国的权益。欧盟倡导的投资法院制度虽然对争端当事人的意思自治有一定的限制,但是能纠正投资条约仲裁制度的某些重要缺陷,中国可考虑在与欧盟的双边投资协定谈判中探索接受并改进这一制度的可能性。