Corporate Governance: Towards a Theory of Regulatory Shift

Providing effective corporate governance regulation and controls is a contemporary challenge to all law makers. There exists a need to restore investor confidence while seeking to facilitate and encourage enterprise. This paper reflects on the traditional choice between shareholder versus stakeholder models of corporate governance and suggests that these are inappropriate in the light of emerging news theories of the firm. Instead this paper suggests that law makers should accommodate a shift away from the traditional paradigms of these models in favour of a processual approach of governance. This would require a recognition of the tensions that exist in the regulation of corporate governance and invite the application of a collibratory process to the control of governance. The development and reform of directors’ duties and liabilities, in the UK, is provided as an illustration of the need for the recognised application of a collibratory process. Within that we also consider the application of the economists concept of ‘rent-seeking’ and the conflict between private property rights and public interference.JEL M14, D72, K22, K33     

"回到马克思"与马克思主义理论创新

在理解"回到马克思"时,可以有解释学的视野、思想史的视野、认识论的视野、价值观的视野等等.视野不同,理解到的意义也会不同.只有具体分析"回到马克思"的各种不同的含义,才能在确定的意义上肯定或否定"回到马克思",把握"回到马克思"与马克思主义理论创新的关系.     

解读"紧急状态"入宪

"紧急状态"写入宪法,顺应了历史潮流,为国家正确应对社会危机事件,快速、强有力地采取措施,提供了宪法依据.从价值层面上看,"紧急状态"入宪是构建和谐社会的重要保障,是在紧急状态时期维护社会稳定,促使政府依法行政的法宝;从理论层面上看,"紧急状态"入宪是我国抗击非典后的经验总结,也是适应了国际上的通行做法;从实践层面上看,"紧急状态"入宪还只是应对公共危机的第一步,真正贯彻宪法中的紧急状态条款,还要完善相关法律,构建相应的执行机制和监督机制.     

“公司多边治理“质疑——兼论“公司利益相关者论“之法理缺陷

"公司利益相关者论"自传入我国后,对我国公司治理理论产生了较大影响,有学者在其基础上提出了"公司多边治理"的概念,用以重塑我国公司治理结构.然而,因缺乏相应的法理学基础以及在市场经济中的不可行性,目前把"多边治理"引入我国公司治理领域非但不能促进公司长远发展和保护社会利益,结果只能是适得其反.     

中国电子政务理论体系结构试析

近年来,随着信息化浪潮在全球范围的开展,作为信息化五大领域之首的电子政务得到了各国政府和理论界的高度重视并得到了迅猛的发展。以20世纪末期的“政府上网工程”为序幕,通过来自多个领域的专家学者的不懈努力,中国的电子政务理论研究经过逐步发展已经初步形成具有自身特色的理论体系。本文作者就在分析总结中国电子政务研究的定位和特点的基础上,尝试着构建了一个中国电子政务研究的理论体系模型,并运用统计方法对中国电子政务研究的现状进行了分析。     

医院未征得患者同意使用自费药纠纷初探——从社会法“倾斜保护”理论的视角出发

在基本医疗保险制度施行中,医保定点医院未征得患者同意使用自费药的行为构成对患者的一般侵权或侵权违约的竞合;针对医患双方实质地位的不平等,应运用民法及有关社会法的“倾斜保护”理论处理自费药纠纷且应授权执法者考虑个案的具体情况,决定医患双方间如何分担自费药费用,以实现公平正义的法律追求及维护医保患者的利益。     

产权、人权与制度

产权的本质是一定社会关系下的劳动。产权与人权有统一性,产权既是人权的一种实现,又是人权的保障,二者都和超经济特权相对立。产权与人权还具有对立性,这种对立的实质是平等与效率、公正间的冲突。体现了科学发展观的制度评价标准即"人权-制度"标准,是人权与产权对立统一关系的均衡,它完全不同于西方正统经济学的狭隘效率观标准。"人权-制度"标准可以为我们构建有效的劳动力产权制度提供理论指导。     

法的渊源意识的觉醒

迄今为止的法律学说在很大程度上是环绕着法的渊源展开的,法的形成和法的应用甚至以法的渊源为立命的前提性基础;然而法的渊源意识的基础和依托至今仍然殊为薄弱。奥斯汀固然奋力呼吁人们革除法和法的渊源研究方面的弊病,把法和法的渊源从散漫、驳杂和喧闹不已的“超市”中引领出来,却又失之于将其禁锢在一个狭隘的天地。奥斯汀身后的法律学人在探讨法的渊源方面亦有努力,但这种努力并未达致较为成熟的程度。实际的情形表明,如欲转变长期以来未能深究法的渊源因而总是被动地同法的渊源发生关联的情境,俾使法的渊源、法律学说和法律实践三者的融合处于和谐状况,促动法的渊源这种宝贵的资源、进路和动因在良法美制的形成方面展现上佳作用,很显然需要法律人形成自觉且科学的法的渊源意识,需要有普遍的法的渊源意识的觉醒。     

Deliberation,Democratic Decision-Making and Internal Political Efficacy

Empirical research into the possible positive consequences of deliberation increasingly reveals that there is a complex relationship between deliberation and its effects on citizens. In this experimental study I examine the relationship between internal political efficacy and one type of deliberation: deliberative decision-making. I also test whether different structures of decision-making mediate between deliberation and internal political efficacy. The data suggest that deliberative decision-making had no direct effect on a global measure of internal political efficacy. Participants in face-to-face deliberative decision-making, though, had higher scores on a situation-specific measure of internal political efficacy than participants who only voted. The structures of decision-making had no effect on either measure of internal political efficacy. These results support claims that deliberation will not necessarily lead to direct, positive effects on citizens internal political efficacy, but they also highlight the likelihood that face-to-face deliberation can lead citizens to feel more competent in their deliberative abilities.     

Estimating the uncertainty associated with Widmark's equation as commonly applied in forensic toxicology

No computation is performed more frequently by forensic toxicologists than that involving Widmark's equation. The equation is employed to estimate either the number of drinks consumed or the corresponding blood or breath alcohol concentration. Despite the wide use of Widmark's equation, rarely is an uncertainty estimate also provided. Estimates from Widmark's equation involve at least seven uncertain random variables. Uncertainty estimates are presented that rely on methods of general error propagation compared to a method developed by Widmark. Assuming reasonable variable and uncertainty estimates, the error propagation method yielded for N=10.4 drinks, a combined uncertainty (standard deviation) of 1.3 drinks (CV=12.3%). Similarly, estimating the blood alcohol concentration yielded for 0.120 g/100 ml, an uncertainty of 0.0255 g/100 ml (CV=21.2%). Widmark's uncertainty method yielded 1.6 drinks (CV=15.4%). The derivation of Widmark's uncertainty estimate is also presented, showing that he considered only rho and beta to be uncertain. Widmark estimates for the number of drinks should include a 2CV estimate of approximately 25% while the blood alcohol concentration estimate should include a 2CV estimate of approximately 42%. Including valid estimates of uncertainty should enhance the legal admissibility and confidence for Widmark estimations.