Police Officers on Drug Corners in Philadelphia,Drug Crime,and Violent Crime: Intended,Diffusion, and Displacement Impacts

On May 1, 2002, the Philadelphia Police Department launched Operation Safe Streets, stationing officers at 214 of the highest drug activity locations in the city 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Interrupted time series (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) models on weekly data isolated citywide and local program impacts on all violent crimes, murder, and reported drug crimes. Results showed no significant impacts on citywide weekly counts for drug crimes, homicides, or all violent crimes. Geographically focused analyses showed significant localized intervention impacts for both violent and drug crimes. Analyses of high‐drug‐activity non‐intervention sites suggest: the program impacts seen were not an artifact of history or local history; significant spatial diffusion of preventive benefits for violent crime; and probably significant spatial displacement for drug crime. Stationary targeted drug‐enforcement interventions like Operation Safe Streets may differentially affect the locational selection processes behind violent crime versus drug crime.     

Facultad libre de la autoridad para reinstalar a los miembros de las corporaciones policiales como resultado del juicio de ponderación

Due to the existing climate of violence, corruption and public insecurity, the Constitution was amended to stop police forces' members from being reinstated in their jobs despite having obtained a judicial decision proving their dismissal was unfounded. This amendment was adopted in order to Streamline the police forces but it ultimately affects other constitutional rights and principles such as police forces members' careers and their professionalism. Based on the use of a weighted assessment or a proportionality test, this article proposes an alternative application of the constitutional reform to satisfy the enforcement of the will of the constituent and to avoid unnecessary or disproportionate action against the police forces' above-mentioned fundamental rights.     

Electronic evidence: A proposal to reform the presumption of reliability and hearsay

There is a general concern amongst judges, lawyers and legal scholars that evidence in digital format is not to be trusted, given that it can be altered and manipulated with ease. Some jurists have called for a UN Convention on matters relating to the authentication and admissibility of electronic evidence. It is debatable whether such a Convention is necessary, but guidance of an international nature might be welcome, providing that any such guidance remains guidance, and does not ossify into legal requirements that fail to take into account the dynamic and constantly developing changes in information technology. In any event, the accuracy of the presumption in England & Wales that a computer is in order at the material time is highly debatable, and it is suggested that this presumption ought to be reformed.     

检察机关自行补充侦查制度研究

在退回补充侦查制度已经出现了实体功能有限、程序功能异化以及衍生检警矛盾等诸多流弊的情况下,学界仍然致力于进一步完善这一制度的理论构建,始终忽略了自行补充侦查所具有的理论与实践上的价值,原因在于我们对检察机关自行补充侦查的认识存在偏差。自行补充侦查并非旨在为公安机关的侦查提供"帮手",而是需要强调其"监督者"与"引导者"的角色。对于完善补充侦查制度来说,检察机关自行补充侦查具有关键意义,更重要的是,自行补充侦查制度亦为检察官客观义务的履行、审判中心主义的刑事司法制度改革以及当前检警关系的改善所必需。     

Rethinking police education in the United States

ABSTRACT

Higher education for police in the United States began as police science and police administration in the early-to-middle 1900s but morphed into criminal justice starting in the 1960s, continuing in that mold to the present. This paper examines curricula at a handful of universities to provide a snapshot of U.S. police education today, illustrating that modern criminal justice programs do not focus very much on police at either the undergraduate or graduate level. The paper then considers alternative models that could provide students a more in-depth encounter with the now-robust policing body of knowledge, something that barely existed 50 years ago but could, at this point, serve as the foundation for a respectable and relevant academic and professional education.     

Perceived accountability and public attitudes toward local police

Recent national events have brought the issue of police-community relations into the public eye. Even though a large body of academic research exists on the predictors of public attitude toward police, very little is known about how public perceptions of police accountability influence satisfaction with the police. This study seeks to fill that gap by using ordered logistic regression and multi-year community-level survey data from one Western city (n = 3725) to examine the relationship between satisfaction with police accountability and overall attitudes toward the police. The results indicate that respondent satisfaction with police accountability was a strong, consistent predictor of satisfaction with local police, even after controlling for other important variables, such as race/ethnicity and community context. The findings suggest that public perceptions relating to the control of police officer conduct should be considered when assessing the predictors of attitudes toward the police.     

我国实定法上的警察含义——兼议我国《人民警察法》的修改

对警察含义的研究是警察学和警察法学的研究基础。警察含义有学理上的警察含义与实定法上的警察含义之分。实定法上的警察含义是动态的,其内容取决于宪法、警察组织法以及社会发展的需求。我国《人民警察法》上的警察含义与《人民警察条例》上的警察含义相比有较大的变化和发展。应以学理上的警察含义为基础,考察动态的实定法上的警察含义,以探究我国警察组织法的发展方向和警察问题解决的途径。     

创新“服务型”农村警务的实践—山西寿阳“流动警务室”调研报告

2007年3月,山西寿阳县公安局在全县的山区农村创造并启动了以“流动警务车”为载体的“流动警务室”工作模式,受到了来自各个方面的赞誉。“流动警务室”是宗旨意识和执法为民思想的创新实践,是“服务型”社区和农村警务建设的创新实践,是强化公安机关能力建设的创新实践,是提高公安工作综合绩效的创新实践,它为我省乃至全国类似地区的农村警务建设和实践提供了有益的启示和借鉴。     

警察出庭作证制度探究

警察出庭作证在西方法治国家是一种通行做法,并且具有多元的诉讼价值。在我国,建立这一制度虽然有其必要性,但目前在观念、体制、立法等方面尚存在诸多障碍,因而条件并不成熟。当务之急,是为该制度在未来的建立做一些铺垫性的、基础性的工作。     

试论警察公共关系在社区警务中的运用

警察公共关系建设与社区警务战略有着相互影响、相互促进的紧密关系,与社区警务工作在宣传群众、服务群众、组织群众上有着一致性,对于解决当前社区警务工作中出现的新情况、新问题有着积极的促进作用。警察公共关系建设无疑是实施社区警务战略的“推进器”。