阿根廷的金融开放与银行危机

阿根廷是美国赞扬的金融自由化典范,银行证券业向外资开放的力度大,但其爆发金融危机造成的破坏也格外严重。中国应吸取阿根廷的教训,慎重对待外资收购、兼并和MBO,特别是“入世”后银行证券业的开放,更好维护本国经济金融安全防范风险。     

美国学界对中国亚洲政策的认知

近年来,中国的亚洲政策备受瞩目,美国学者的评价也比较积极。在对中国亚洲政策关注的背后,美国实际上更多地是对亚洲地区结构变化和对美国影响力下降的担忧。在分析中,美国学者也对中国现行亚洲政策能否持续长久并最终导致中国主导亚洲的前景带有相当程度的保留。     

刑事政策视野中的司法理念

刑事政策具有追求效率的本性,刑事政策视野中的司法理念应当是有效率的正义。以社会为本位的刑事司法理念重视解决犯罪问题的社会效果,体现了刑事政策的价值目标。刑事司法要关注刑事政策的需要,刑事政策才能借助法律手段来完成自己的使命。     

Public advocacy and people-centred advocacy: mobilising for social change

Public and people-centred advocacy are shaped by the political culture, social systems, and constitutional framework of the country in which they are practised. It is the practice of advocacy that determines the theory, and not vice versa. If advocacy is not rooted in grassroots realities and is practised only at the macro level, the voice of the marginalised is increasingly likely to be appropriated by professional elites. However, the very credibility of advocacy practitioners depends on their relationship with mass-based movements and grassroots perceptions of what constitutes desirable social change.     

Corporate wealth or public health? WTO/TRIPS flexibilities and access to HIV/AIDS antiretroviral drugs by developing countries

Between 1994 and 2003, the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement of the WTO was refined to allow for flexibilities in the use of compulsory licences to import and export ‘generic’ varieties of pharmaceutical products, including ARV drugs for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. After summarising this process, and assessing its implications in practice for developing countries, this article briefly places the current regime in a longer-term context of the institutional protection of patents in Britain and Europe dating from the nineteenth century. It traces how that pattern, which benefits major patent holders, continues to be present in TRIPS. The article goes on to demonstrate the continuity of corporate influence over the state, as expressed in the ‘TRIPS-plus’ conditions, which are appearing in bilateral free-trade agreements between the USA and either individual developing countries or regional groupings. This array of what amount to institutional obstacles to the sustained availability of cheap drugs presents serious problems for future operations of the supply chain for many imported medicines and, in the case of HIV/AIDS, has negative implications for the long-term clinical effectiveness of the most widely used drugs.     

Sustainability

As a consummately effective ‘boundary term’, able to link disparate groups on the basis of a broad common agenda, ‘sustainability’ has moved a long way from its technical association with forest management in Germany in the eighteenth century. In the 1980s and 1990s it defined – for a particular historical moment – a key debate of global importance, bringing with it a coalition of actors – across governments, civic groups, academia and business – in perhaps an unparalleled fashion. That they did not agree with everything (or even often know anything of the technical definitions of the term) was not the point. The boundary work done in the name of sustainability created an important momentum for innovation in ideas, political mobilisation, and policy change, particularly in connection with the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio in 1992. All this of course did not result in everything that the advocates at the centre of such networks had envisaged, and today the debate has moved on, with different priority issues, and new actors and networks. But, the author argues, this shift does not undermine the power of sustainability as a buzzword: as a continuingly powerful and influential meeting point of ideas and politics.     

如何科学评估公共政策? ——政策评估中的反事实框架及匹配方法的应用

公共决策科学化依赖于科学的公共政策评估。随着国外公共政策评估研究越来越依赖于旨在评估政策因果效应的因果推断方法,国内公共政策学者也开始进行初步尝试,但是如何有效选择和运用因果推断方法开展政策评估研究仍有待系统梳理。本文介绍了公共政策评估方法的反事实框架,精确定义了公共政策的因果效应。在此基础上,本文将匹配方法总结为距离测算与配对两个步骤,并详细阐述了协变量匹配、粗糙完全匹配、马氏距离匹配、倾向值匹配和熵平衡匹配的原理,比较了不同方法的优势与劣势。结合公共政策评估的前沿实证研究,本文介绍了如何具体运用匹配方法进行政策评估研究。本文还探讨了应用匹配方法的注意事项,包括匹配方法的适用性、匹配与回归的关系、匹配方法对样本数量的要求及是否允许放回等。     

后危机时代跨国公司对华投资行为变化与我国外资政策调整

受全球金融危机的影响,跨国公司对华投资行为发生了很大的变化,它们大多采取缩减资本支出、控制生产成本和撤资裁员等应对之策.这些变化对我国的外资政策构成巨大的挑战,为抵御金融危机带来的不利影响,我国政府提出了一揽子振兴经济的政策措施,而外资政策是其中重要的组成部分.在后危机时代,我国政府需要重新思考与定位外资政策的走向,以便在未来更好地应对跨国公司对华投资的新变化.     

论“零容忍”在预防、打击黑社会性质组织犯罪中的应用

"零容忍"政策最初在纽约实行,用来控制纽约街头违法行为。其核心在于对各种反社会的行为给予严厉的打击,即便是轻微的违法行为也要毫不留情的与之斗争。联系我国当前情况,黑社会性质组织犯罪逐渐抬头且有愈演愈烈之势,对于此类犯罪应在其形成的初始阶段就及时予以打击。公安机关应采取主动出警模式,预防为主,打防结合,严厉惩治黑社会性质有组织犯罪。     

工具、治理、客观实存——政策网络的三个维度

政策网络首先是客观实在,其次是理论分析的工具,再次是作为一种价值判断,才应是公共治理的新模式。因此,政策网络含有三个维度：作为政策运行的客观实在,关系型社会的现实使中国的决策过程存在于＂人格化结构＂非常明显的复杂政策关系网中;作为理论分析的典型范式,考虑个体间博弈、制度规约,建立包括制度、结构、个体博弈要素的政策网络概念模型;作为公共治理的理想状态,协商民主机制的建立健全与公民社会充分发展是其走向现实的必要条件。